Yngvi e Álfr

Álfr e Yngvi
Álfr e Yngvi mentre si trafiggono a vicenda.
Illustrazione di Hugo Hamilton
Re mitologici della Svezia
In caricaIV secolo circa
PredecessoreAlrekr e Eiríkr
SuccessoreHugleikr o Jörundr
re a Uppsala
Nome completoÁlfr e Yngvi Alreksson
NascitaGamla Uppsala, II secolo
MorteGamla Uppsala, III secolo
DinastiaYngling
PadreAlrekr
MadreDageid
ConsorteBera (moglie di Álfr)
FigliHugleikr (figlio di Álfr), Jörundr e Ingeborg (figli di Yngvi)
Religionenorrena

Álfr e Yngvi (Gamla Uppsala, II secoloGamla Uppsala, III secolo) sono stati due re leggendari sueoni della casata dei Yngling, di Uppsala.

Erano figli di Alrekr. Si uccisero a vicenda per questioni di gelosia. A loro succedette Jörundr, figlio di Yngvi; secondo Snorri Sturluson, preceduto però da Hugleikr, figlio di Álfr.

Ynglinga saga

La Saga degli Ynglingar di Snorri Sturluson inizia col riportare che Yngvi era un buon re ed eccelleva in tutte le cose. Álfr era di carattere aspro e poco socievole.

(NON)

«Yngvi og Álfur voru synir Alreks er konungdóm tóku í Svíþjóð þar næst. Var Yngvi hermaður mikill og allsigursæll, fríður og íþróttamaður hinn mesti, sterkur og hinn snarpasti í orustum, mildur af fé og gleðimaður mikill. Af slíku öllu varð hann frægur og vinsæll.Álfur konungur bróðir hans sat að löndum og var ekki í hernaði. Hann var kallaður Elfsi. Hann var maður þögull, ríklundaður og óþýður. Móðir hans hét Dageiður dóttir Dags konungs hins ríka er Döglingar eru frá komnir. Álfur átti konu er Bera hét, kvinna fríðust og skörungur mikill, gleðimaður hinn mesti. Yngvi Alreksson var þá enn eitt haust kominn úr víkingu til Uppsala og var þá hinn frægsti. Hann sat oft við drykkju lengi um kveldum. Álfur konungur gekk oft snemma að sofa. Bera drottning sat oft á kveldum og hjöluðu þau Yngvi sín í millum. Álfur ræddi oft um, bað hana fara fyrr að sofa, sagði að hann vildi ekki vaka eftir henni. Hún svarar og segir að sú kona væri sæl er heldur skyldi eiga Yngva en Álf. Hann reiddist því mjög er hún mælti það oft. Eitt kveld gekk Álfur inn í höllina þá er þau Yngvi og Bera sátu í hásæti og töluðust við. Hafði Yngvi um kné sér mæki. Menn voru mjög drukknir og gáfu engan gaum að er konungurinn kom inn. Álfur konungur gekk að hásætinu, brá sverði undan skikkju og lagði í gegnum Yngva bróður sinn. Yngvi hljóp upp og brá mækinum og hjó Álf banahögg og féllu þeir báðir dauðir á gólfið. Voru þeir Álfur og Yngvi heygðir á Fýrisvöllum.[1]»

(IT)

«Poi figli di Alrekr, Yngvi and Álfr succedettero al potere reale in Svezia. Yngvi era un gran guerriero, sempre vittorioso: bello, esperto in tutti gli esercizi, forte e astuto in battaglia, generoso e pieno di allegria; era altrettanto famoso che amato. Álfr era di carattere ombroso, aspro e poco socievole. Rimaneva in casa quando era nel paese e mai usciva per spedizioni di guerra. Sua madre era chiamata Dageid, una figlia di re Dag il Grande, da cui discende la famiglia dei Dagling. Álfr aveva una moglie chiamata Brera, che fu la più piacevole delle donne, molto vivace e gaia. Un autunno, Yngvi, figlio di Alrekr, arrivò ad Uppsala da una spedizione vichinga per la quale fu molto celebrato. Di sera spesso sedeva a lungo al tavolo da bevuta; invece Álfr andava volentieri a letto molto presto. La regina Bera spesso sedeva fino a sera tarda, e lei e Yngvi conversavano con divertimento; ma Álfr ben presto le disse che non doveva stare alzata così tardi alla sera, ma doveva andare a letto prima, così da non svegliarlo. Essa replicò, che felice sarebbe stata la donna che avrà Yngvi, invece di Álfr, come marito; e in quanto lei spesso replicò lo stesso, lui divenne veramente adirato. Una sera Álfr andò nella sala, dove Yngvi and Bera sedevano su un'alta sedia parlando l'un con l'altra. Yngvi aveva una spada corta al suo ginocchio, e gli ospiti erano così ubriachi che non notarono il re entrare. Re Álfr andò direttamente verso l'alta sedia, sguainò una spada sotto il suo mantello, e infilzò suo fratello Yngvi da parte a parte. Yngvi balzò in avanti, sguainò la sua corta spada e diede ad Álfr ul suo colpo mortale: così entrambi i fratelli caddero morti a terra. Álfr furono seppelliti sotto dei tumoli in Fyrisvold.»

Ynglingal

Álfr e Yngvi.
Illustrazione di Gerhard Munthe

Þjóðólfr da Hvinir nell'Ynglingatal sottolinea la colpa di Bera, che col suo comportamento spinse i due fratelli ad uccidersi a vicenda per gelosia.

(NON)

«Auk varð hinn,
es Alfr of vá
vörðr véstalls,
of veginn liggja,
es döglingr
dreyrgan mæki
öfundgjarn
á Yngva rauð.
Vasa þat bært
at Bera skyldi
valsœfendr
vígs of hvetja,
þás brœðr tveir
at bönum urðusk,
óþurfendr,
of afbrýði.»

(IT)

«Deve essere lui
assassinato da Álfr,
guardiano di altari,
a giacere a terra,
quando il nipote di Dagr
tinse la sua spada
con invidia
nel sangue di Yngvi.
Non avrebbe dovuto
nascere quella Bera
che istigò ad ostili
lavori di macello,
quando due fratelli
finirono l'un contro l'altro
col cadere inutilmente,
spinti dalla gelosia.[2]»

Historia Norvegiæ

L'Historia Norvegiæ fa un breve resoconto sulla loro morte.

(LA)

«Cujus [Hogne, i.e. Agne ] filius Ingialdr in Swethia a fratre suo ob infamiam uxoris ejus occisus est, quæ Bera dicta est (hoc nomen latine sonat ursa). Post hunc filius ejus Jorundr [...]»

(IT)

«Suo [di Agni] figlio, Ingjald, fu ucciso in Svezia dal suo proprio fratello, perché aveva portato discredito sulla propria moglie, il cui nome era Bera (Ursa in latino). Dopo lui suo figlio Jorundr governò»

Anche una fonte precedente, l'Íslendingabók, cita Yngvi, ma in una successione che non corrisponde a quella riportata da Snorri. [3]

Note

  1. ^ Ynglinga saga - 21. Frá Álfi og Yngva
  2. ^ Traduzione in inglese molto vicina al testo originale: (EN) Sorri Sturlunson, Ynglingal - Capitolo 21 (PDF), in Heimskringla, traduzione di Alison Finlay e Anthony Faulkes, Viking society for Nothern research - University College of London, 2011, p. 24.
  3. ^ xi Dagr. xii Alrekr. xiii Agni. xiiii Yngvi. xv Jörundr. xvi Aun inn gamli [il vecchio]. Fonte: Íslendingabók

Bibliografia

fonti primarie
fonti moderne

Voci correlate

Collegamenti esterni

Predecessore Re leggendari svedesi
Re a Uppsala
Successore
Alrekr e Eiríkr IV secolo d.C. circa Hugleikr o Jörundr

Predecessore Dinastia degli Yngling Successore
Alrekr e Eiríkr IV secolo d.C. circa Hugleikr o Jörundr
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