Territori d'oltremare britannici

Territori d'oltremare britannici

I territori d'oltremare britannici (in inglese British Overseas Territories) sono quattordici entità territoriali sparse per il globo che si trovano sotto la sovranità del Regno Unito.

Bandiere dei territori d'oltremare britannici in Parliament Square, Città di Westminster

Descrizione

Di piccole dimensioni e principalmente costituiti da arcipelaghi e zone insulari, essi sono quelle parti dell'ex Impero britannico che non hanno acquisito l'indipendenza, o che, contrariamente ai reami del Commonwealth, sono rimaste dipendenze britanniche. Pur avendo ognuno la propria leadership locale, essi condividono il sovrano britannico come capo di Stato: il re Carlo III.

Storia

Prima del 1º gennaio 1983 i territori erano ufficialmente denominati come in inglese Crown Colonies, "colonie della corona".

La denominazione in inglese British Overseas Territory è stata introdotta con il British Overseas Territories Act, una legge del 2002, che ha sostituito il nome in inglese British Dependent Territory, "Territorio dipendente britannico", precedentemente introdotto dal British Nationality Act nel 1981.[1]

Demografia

Con le eccezioni del Territorio Antartico Britannico, della Georgia del Sud e Isole Sandwich Australi (che ospitano solo funzionari e agenti delle stazioni di ricerca) e del Territorio Britannico dell'Oceano Indiano (usato come base militare), tutti i territori hanno una popolazione civile permanente.

Elenco dei territori d'oltremare britannici

Nº Bandiera Stemma Territorio Posizione Motto Area Popolazione Capitale Governatore Primo ministro
1 Anguilla Caraibi Strength and Endurance 102 km² 12 800 The Valley Dileeni Daniel-Selvaratnam Ellis Webster
2 Bermuda Oceano Atlantico Quo fata ferunt 58,8 km² 64 482 Hamilton Rena Lalgie Edward David Burt
3 Territorio Antartico Britannico Antartide Research and discovery 1 709 400 km² 200 scienziati Rothera (base principale) Peter Hayes
(commissario) 		Henry Burgess
(amministratore)
4 Territorio Britannico dell'Oceano Indiano Oceano Indiano In tutela nostra Limuria 60 km² 3 200 militari Diego Garcia (base militare) Paul Candler
(commissario) 		Kit Pyman
(amministratore)
5 Isole Vergini Britanniche Caraibi Vigilate 153 km² 21 730 Road Town John Rankin Natalio Wheatley
6 Isole Cayman Caraibi He hath founded it upon the seas 260 km² 46 600 George Town Martyn Roper Wayne Panton
7 Isole Falkland Oceano Atlantico Desire the right 12 173 km² 2 967 Stanley Nigel Phillips Andy Keeling
(amministratore)
8 Gibilterra Penisola iberica Nulli expugnabilis hosti 6,8 km² 27 776 Gibilterra Ed Davis Fabian Picardo
9 Montserrat Caraibi Each Endeavouring, All Achieving 102 km² 5 215 Plymouth (de iure)[2]
Brades (de facto) 		Andrew John Pearce Donaldson Romeo
10 Isole Pitcairn Oceano Pacifico Dieu et mon droit 47 km² 56 Adamstown Laura Clarke Shawn Christian
(sindaco)
11

Sant'Elena, Ascensione e Tristan da Cunha Oceano Atlantico Loyal and unshakeable 409 km² 6 563 Jamestown Lisa Phillips Tariq Ahmad
12 Georgia del Sud e Isole Sandwich Australi Oceano Atlantico Leo terram propriam protegat 3 903 km² 11–26 scienziati King Edward Point/Grytviken Colin Roberts
(commissario)
13 Area delle Basi Sovrane di Akrotiri e Dhekelia Mar Mediterraneo(Cipro) Dieu et mon droit 254 km² 15 000 (militari) Episkopi Cantonment James Illingworth
(amministratore)
14 Turks e Caicos Caraibi One people, one nation, one destiny 417 km² 36 605 Cockburn Town John Freeman Rufus Ewing
Totale 1.727.345,60 km² 243.220

Valute

Territorio Valuta Autorità rilasciante
  • Territorio Antartico Britannico
  • Tristan da Cunha (Sant'Elena)
  • Georgia del Sud e isole Sandwich meridionali
 Sterlina britannica Banca d'Inghilterra
  • Isole Falkland
 Sterlina delle Falkland[3] Governo delle Isole Falkland
  • Gibilterra
 Sterlina di Gibilterra[3] Governo di Gibilterra
  • Sant'Elena
  • Isola di Ascensione
 Sterlina di Sant'Elena[3] Governo di Sant'Elena
  • Territorio britannico dell'Oceano Indiano
  • Isole Vergini britanniche
  • Turks e Caicos
 Dollaro statunitense Federal Reserve System
  • Anguilla
  • Montserrat
 Dollaro dei Caraibi Orientali Banca centrale dei Caraibi orientali
  • Bermuda
 Dollaro di Bermuda Autorità monetaria di Bermuda
  • Isole Cayman
 Dollaro delle Cayman Autorità monetaria delle Cayman
  • Isole Pitcairn
 Dollaro neozelandese Banca centrale della Nuova Zelanda
  • Akrotiri e Dhekelia
 Euro Banca centrale europea

Biodiversità

Note

  1. ^ art. 1, su British Overseas Territories Act 2002, legislation.gov.uk, 26 febbraio 2002.
  2. ^ Pur essendo di fatto una città fantasma dal 1997 in seguito a una lunga serie di eruzioni vulcaniche, risulta ufficialmente ancora capitale dell'isola
  3. ^ a b c Viene accettata anche la Sterlina britannica

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