San Francesco davanti al Sultano

San Francesco davanti al Sultano
AutoreGiotto?
Data1295-1299 circa
Tecnicaaffresco
UbicazioneBasilica superiore di Assisi, Baghdad

San Francesco davanti al Sultano (o Prova del fuoco) è l'undicesima delle ventotto scene del ciclo di affreschi delle Storie di san Francesco della Basilica superiore di Assisi, attribuiti a Giotto. Fu dipinta verosimilmente tra il 1295 e il 1299 e misura 230x270 cm.

Descrizione e stile

Questo episodio appartiene alla serie della Legenda maior (IX,8) di san Francesco: "Quando il beato Francesco per la fede in Cristo volle entrare in un grande fuoco coi sacerdoti del Sultano di Babilonia[1]; ma nessuno di loro volle entrare con lui, e subito tutti fuggirono dalla sua vista."

San Francesco si recò realmente in oriente con la Quinta Crociata ed incontrò il sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil. L'incontro tra i due personaggi è sicuramente avvenuto mentre è controversa la versione secondo la quale san Francesco abbia tentato di convertire il sultano, che rimase comunque colpito dalla figura del santo[2]. La prova del fuoco cui si sottopose volontariamente Francesco gli fece guadagnare molta stima da parte del sultano e della corte.

Francesco si rivolse allora al fuoco, sfidando ad attraversarlo incolume per dimostrare la verità della fede in Gesù Cristo per la quale è assicurata la protezione di Dio, mentre il gruppo dei consiglieri del sultano, ritratti secondo l'iconografia degli Ebrei,[3] appare sorpreso e spaventato. Anche in questo caso, come in altre scene, l'architettura dello sfondo ha il ruolo di coordinare la scansione dei gruppi e quindi facilitare la lettura della scena. Dei preziosi inserti metallici che decorano i bassorilievi alla base del trono restano oggi solo alcune tracce.

Alcuni attribuiscono questa scena a Memmo di Filippuccio o al maestro della volta dei Dottori della Chiesa, oppure viene rilevata una stesura in gran parte non autografa.

Note

  1. ^ in realtà era il sultano del Cairo, non di Baghdad, identificata con Babilonia.
  2. ^ Francesco e il Sultano
  3. ^ Chiara Frugoni, Quale Francesco? Il messaggio nascosto negli affreschi della Basilica superiore di Assisi, Einaudi, Torino 2015.

Bibliografia

  • Maurizia Tazartes, Giotto, Rizzoli, Milano 2004. ISBN non esistente
  • Edi Baccheschi, L'opera completa di Giotto, Rizzoli, Milano 1977. ISBN non esistente
  • Francesco e il Sultano. Atti della Giornata di Studio (Firenze, 25 settembre 2010), Studi Francescani, Firenze 2011.
  • Tolan John, Il santo dal sultano. L'incontro di Francesco d'Assisi e l'Islam, Laterza 2009.
  • Jeusset Gwenolé, San Francesco e l'Islam, Terra Santa 2009.
  • Giuseppe Buffon, Francesco l'ospite folle. Il Povero di Assisi e il Sultano, Terra Santa, Milano 2019, pp. 128, ISBN 9788862406413.

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