Robert Bárány

Robert Bárány (Vienna, 22 aprile 1876 – Uppsala, 8 aprile 1936) è stato un medico e otologo austriaco naturalizzato svedese, di origine ungherese, pioniere nello studio delle funzioni del labirinto (o apparato vestibolare), situato nell'orecchio interno e sede dell'equilibrio e Premio Nobel per la medicina nel 1914.

Inventò anche un metodo per decomprimere il labirinto ed un dispositivo molto usato per isolare acusticamente un orecchio dall'altro. Inoltre ideò un sistema per esaminare le relazioni intercorrenti fra apparato vestibolare, cervello e midollo spinale.

Per i suoi fondamentali contributi alla conoscenza della fisiologia e della patologia dell'apparato vestibolare, ebbe il premio Nobel 1914.

Biografia

La famiglia, di religione ebraica, era originaria della città ungherese di Várpalota ed era emigrata da alcuni anni a Vienna quando nacque Robert. Nel 1900 si laureò in medicina a Vienna e nel 1905 fu assistente alla clinica otologica di quella città.

Partecipando alla prima guerra mondiale come ufficiale medico dell'esercito austro-ungarico, nel 1915 venne fatto prigioniero dai russi e liberato l'anno dopo, durante uno scambio di feriti.

Passò subito in Svezia dove diventò direttore del Dipartimento di otorinolaringoiatria di Uppsala e cittadino svedese.

Considerato un'autorità mondiale nel campo delle malattie dell'orecchio, fu autore di molte pubblicazioni, fra le quali Fisiologia e patologia dei canali semicircolari nell'uomo (1907) è la più significativa.

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Robert Bárány

Collegamenti esterni

Bárány, Robert, su Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
(EN) Robert Bárány, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(EN) Robert Bárány, su nobelprize.org.
(DE) Robert Bárány (XML), in Dizionario biografico austriaco 1815-1950.
(EN) Opere di Robert Bárány, su Open Library, Internet Archive.

V · D · M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la medicina
1901 - 1925	Emil Adolf von Behring (1901) • Ronald Ross (1902) • Niels Ryberg Finsen (1903) • Ivan Pavlov (1904) • Robert Koch (1905) • Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1906) • Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1907) • Il'ja Il'ič Mečnikov, Paul Ehrlich (1908) • Emil Theodor Kocher (1909) • Albrecht Kossel (1910) • Allvar Gullstrand (1911) • Alexis Carrel (1912) • Charles Robert Richet (1913) • Robert Bárány (1914) • Jules Bordet (1919) • August Krogh (1920) • Archibald Vivian Hill, Otto Meyerhof (1922) • Frederick Banting, John James Rickard Macleod (1923) • Willem Einthoven (1924)
1926 - 1950	Johannes Fibiger (1926) • Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1927) • Charles Nicolle (1928) • Christiaan Eijkman, Frederick Hopkins (1929) • Karl Landsteiner (1930) • Otto Heinrich Warburg (1931) • Charles Sherrington, Edgar Douglas Adrian (1932) • Thomas Hunt Morgan (1933) • George Whipple, George Minot, William Murphy (1934) • Hans Spemann (1935) • Henry Hallett Dale, Otto Loewi (1936) • Albert Szent-Györgyi (1937) • Corneille Heymans (1938) • Gerhard Domagk (1939) • Henrik Dam, Edward Adelbert Doisy (1943) • Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser (1944) • Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, Howard Walter Florey (1945) • Hermann Joseph Muller (1946) • Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay (1947) • Paul Hermann Müller (1948) • Walter Rudolf Hess, Antonio Egas Moniz (1949) • Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeusz Reichstein, Philip Showalter Hench (1950)
1951 - 1975	Max Theiler (1951) • Selman Waksman (1952) • Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann (1953) • John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, Frederick Chapman Robbins (1954) • Hugo Theorell (1955) • André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson Richards (1956) • Daniel Bovet (1957) • George Wells Beadle, Edward Lawrie Tatum, Joshua Lederberg (1958) • Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg (1959) • Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Medawar (1960) • Georg von Békésy (1961) • Francis Crick, James Dewey Watson, Maurice Wilkins (1962) • John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley (1963) • Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen (1964) • François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod (1965) • Francis Peyton Rous, Charles B. Huggins (1966) • Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald (1967) • Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg (1968) • Max Delbrück, Alfred Hershey, Salvador Luria (1969) • Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod (1970) • Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr. (1971) • Gerald Edelman, Rodney Robert Porter (1972) • Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen (1973) • Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George Emil Palade (1974) • David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin (1975)
1976 - 2000	Baruch Blumberg, Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1976) • Roger Guillemin, Andrew Schally, Rosalyn Yalow (1977) • Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton Smith (1978) • Allan McLeod Cormack, Godfrey Hounsfield (1979) • Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George Snell (1980) • Roger Sperry, David Hubel, Torsten Wiesel (1981) • Sune Bergström, Bengt Samuelsson, John Vane (1982) • Barbara McClintock (1983) • Niels Kaj Jerne, Georges Köhler, César Milstein (1984) • Michael Stuart Brown, Joseph Goldstein (1985) • Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini (1986) • Susumu Tonegawa (1987) • James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George Herbert Hitchings (1988) • John Michael Bishop, Harold Varmus (1989) • Joseph Murray, Edward Donnall Thomas (1990) • Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann (1991) • Edmond Fischer, Edwin Krebs (1992) • Richard Roberts, Phillip Sharp (1993) • Alfred Gilman, Martin Rodbell (1994) • Edward Bok Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric Wieschaus (1995) • Peter Charles Doherty, Rolf Zinkernagel (1996) • Stanley Prusiner (1997) • Robert Furchgott, Louis Ignarro, Ferid Murad (1998) • Günter Blobel (1999) • Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric Kandel (2000)
2001 - oggi	Leland Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Paul Nurse (2001) • Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John Sulston (2002) • Paul Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield (2003) • Richard Axel, Linda Buck (2004) • Barry J. Marshall, Robin Warren (2005) • Andrew Z. Fire, Craig Mello (2006) • Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies (2007) • Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier (2008) • Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak (2009) • Robert Geoffrey Edwards (2010) • Bruce Beutler, Jules Hoffmann, Ralph Steinman (2011) • John Gurdon, Shin'ya Yamanaka (2012) • James Rothman, Randy Schekman, Thomas Südhof (2013) • John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser, Edvard I. Moser (2014) • William Cecil Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura, Tu Youyou (2015) • Yoshinori Ōsumi (2016) • Jeffrey Connor Hall, Michael Rosbash, Michael Warren Young (2017) • James Patrick Allison, Tasuku Honjo (2018) • William Kaelin Jr., Peter John Ratcliffe, Gregg L. Semenza (2019) • Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton, Charles M. Rice (2020) • David Julius, Ardem Patapoutian (2021) • Svante Pääbo (2022) • Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman (2023) • Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun (2024)

Controllo di autorità	VIAF (EN) 20478889 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 8362 9058 · LCCN (EN) n85823473 · GND (DE) 118904728 · BNE (ES) XX5481686 (data) · BNF (FR) cb16534271h (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007502543305171

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