Regioni dell'Etiopia

Regioni dell'Etiopia

Le regioni dell'Etiopia (in amarico: kililoch, sing. kilil) costituiscono la suddivisione di primo livello del Paese e sono pari a dieci, che insieme alle due città autonome (astedader akababiwoch, sing. astedader akababi) di Addis Abeba e Dire Daua, rappresentano gli enti federali dell'Etiopia.

Ciascuna regione si suddivide ulteriormente in 68 zone, a loro volta suddivise in 556 distretti, di cui 6 a statuto speciale.

Profili istituzionali

Storia

Prima del 1996, l'Etiopia era suddivisa in 13 province, corrispondenti a regioni storiche. La riforma ha riorganizzato la suddivisione su base etnica. Il termine kilil, usato per le odierne regioni, ha un significato analogo a "riserva" o "area protetta". Quando il nuovo sistema amministrativo è entrato in vigore, ha sollevato dure critiche da parte delle opposizioni politiche, che lo hanno paragonato al sistema dei Bantustan del Sudafrica dell'apartheid.[1]

Con il referendum del 2019, che ha sancito, con oltre il 98% dei voti favorevoli, la creazione di una nuova regione, la Regione di Sidama,[2] che è stata effettivamente creata nel giugno 2020.[3] è stato deciso che Auasa, che territorialmente ricade nella regione di Sidama, avrebbe continuato ad essere anche sede transitoria del governo regionale della Regione delle Nazioni, Nazionalità e Popoli del Sud, per almeno altre due elezioni.

Il 23 novembre 2021, grazie al risultato di un referendum dall’esito positivo, è stata formata una nuova regione, denominata “Regione dei Popoli Etiopi del Sud-Ovest”.

Amministrazione

Le regioni dell'Etiopia sono anche dette stati regionali, in quanto godono di una larga autonomia amministrativa; il governo centrale ha le caratteristiche di un governo federale. Ogni regione ha un proprio parlamento e un proprio governo locale. L'articolo 39 della costituzione concede a ogni regione il diritto di secessione dal paese; se questo sia un potere effettivo o solo nominale è un argomento largamente dibattuto.[4]

Lista

Localizzazione Bandiera Regione Capoluogo Popolazione Superficie (Km2) Gruppo etnico
Città autonoma di Addis Abeba - 4 500 000 526,99 amhara (47,04%), oromo (19,51%), guraghé (16,34%), tigrè (6,18%), silt'e (2,94%), gamo (1,68%).
Afar Semera 1 850 000 72 052,78 Afar
Amara Bahar Dar 27 500 000 154 708,96 Amhara
Benisciangul-Gumus Asosa 750 000 50 698,68 Berta, Gumus e Shinasha
Città autonoma di Dire Daua - 350 000 1 558,61 Somali
Gambella Gambela 350 000 29 782,82 nuer (40%), anuak (27%), amara (8%), oromo (6%), mezengir (5.8%), kefficho (4.1%), tigrino (1.6%) e altri gruppi etnici (7.5%)
Harar Harar 200 000 333,94 oromo (52.3%), amhara (32.6%), harar (7.1%) e guraghé (3.2%)
Oromia Addis Abeba 42 000 000 284 537,84 Oromo
Popoli Etiopi del Sud-Ovest Bonga 10 400 000 58,38 -
Sidama Auasa 450 000 3 200 Sidama
Somali Giggiga 6 500 000 279 252 Somali
Nazioni, Nazionalità e Popoli del Sud Auasa 18 000 000 105 887,18 45 gruppi etnici
Tigrè Macallè 7 800 000 41 409,95 Tigrè e tigrina

Note

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

  Portale Africa Orientale: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che parlano dell'Africa Orientale

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