I governatorati dell'Egitto (in arabo: muhafaza) sono la suddivisione amministrativa di primo livello del Paese e sono pari a 27. I confini territoriali sono stati rivisti nel 2011, quando sono stati aboliti, tra l'altro, il governatorato di Helwan e il governatorato del 6 Ottobre.
L'organizzazione territoriale in governatorati sostituisce la precedente basata sulle province (mudiriya). La maggior parte dei governatorati hanno una densità di popolazione di oltre un migliaio di abitanti per km², mentre i tre governatorati più grandi hanno una densità di popolazione inferiore a 2 abitanti per km².
I governatorati sono il primo livello dei cinque livelli previsti dalla organizzazione dello stato egiziano. Un governatorato può essere definito urbano, o misto urbano e rurale. Questa distinzione si riflette nei livelli più bassi: i governatorati urbani non hanno regioni (markaz) al loro interno, in quanto il markaz è sostanzialmente un insieme di villaggi. Inoltre un governatorato può comprendere una sola città, come nel caso del Cairo o di Alessandria. In questo caso si ha una suddivisione in distretti, che rappresentano dei quartieri urbani. Ad esempio Il Cairo è costituito da 23 distretti; Alessandria da 6.
Il governatorato è amministrato da un governatore (muhāfiz) e da un Consiglio esecutivo nominati dal presidente della repubblica.
I governatorati sono il ramo esecutivo del governo: hanno la responsabilità dello sviluppo locale, controllano i fondi forniti dal governo centrale, gestiscono i piani di sviluppo quinquennali ed anche alcuni fondi di sviluppo locale. Nei governatorati risiede il secondo livello di tribunali per l'amministrazione giudiziaria, costituito dalle corti d'appello.
Altri progetti
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