Padre fondatore

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Il padre fondatore è una persona determinante non solo nella fase di creazione di una istituzione politica, ma anche nella nascita dell'idea stessa di istituzione. Solitamente si tratta di una figura centrale nella storia nazionale o istituzionale. Il padre fondatore può quindi venire ricordato da un monumento, raffigurato su una moneta e può essergli dedicato il nome di una via o di una piazza.

Padri fondatori

Europa

Italia

Padri fondatori dell'Italia sono considerati Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour e Giuseppe Mazzini. A questi si aggiungono i Costituenti, Enrico De Nicola, Alcide De Gasperi, Piero Calamandrei, Umberto Terracini, Giuseppe Saragat, Palmiro Togliatti, Pietro Nenni e Sandro Pertini.

San Marino

San Marino

Cittá del Vaticano

San Pietro, Papa Pio XI

Malta

George Borġ Olivier, Dom Mintoff

Spagna

Ferdinando II d'Aragona e Isabella di Castiglia

Portogallo

Alfonso I del Portogallo

Andorra

Carlo Magno[1], Ruggero Bernardo III di Foix, Pere d'Urtx

Gibilterra

Agustin Huart [2], considerato un padre del popolo di Gibilterra [3]

Francia

Clodoveo I

Monaco

Francesco Grimaldi di Monaco

Gran Bretagna

Giacomo I d'Inghilterra

Irlanda

Éamon de Valera, Michael Collins

Belgio

Leopoldo I del Belgio

Paesi Bassi

Guglielmo I d'Orange

Lussemburgo

Sigfrido di Lussemburgo

Germania

Otto von Bismarck

Austria

Leopoldo I di Babenberg

Svizzera

Eidgenossenschaft

Liechtenstein

Carlo VI d'Asburgo [4]

Svezia

Gustavo I di Svezia

Danimarca

Gorm il Vecchio, Aroldo I di Danimarca

Fær Øer

San Brandano

Norvegia

Harald I di Norvegia

Finlandia

Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Islanda

Ingólfur Arnarson, Jón Sigurðsson

Albania

Scanderbeg, Ismail Qemali

Kosovo

Ibrahim Rugova

Bulgaria

Asparuch

Grecia

Elleno, Alessandro Magno, Eleutherios Venizelos

Cipro

Makarios III

Serbia

Stefano Nemanja

Montenegro

Pietro di Cettigne

Slovenia

France Bučar, Jože Pučnik

Croazia

Tomislao I di Croazia, Ante Starčević, Franjo Tuđman

Bosnia ed Erzegovina

Tvrtko I

Macedonia del Nord

Krste Misirkov, Kiro Gligorov

Polonia

Lech, Mieszko I

Ungheria

Árpád d'Ungheria, Stefano I d'Ungheria

Repubblica Ceca

Čech, Carlo IV

Slovacchia

Mojmír I

Romania

Burebista, Decebalo e Traiano, Basarab I di Valacchia, Michele il Coraggioso

Moldavia

Bogdan I

Russia

Rus, Pietro il Grande

Bielorussia

Konstanty Kalinowski

Ucraina

Bohdan Chmel'nyc'kyj

Estonia

Konstantin Päts

Lettonia

Kārlis Ulmanis

Lituania

Mindaugas, Jonas Basanavičius

Asia

Turchia

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Israele

David Ben Gurion

Palestina

Yasser Arafat

Armenia

Haik d'Armenia

Georgia

Farnabazo I d'Iberia, Bagrat III di Georgia, Ilia Ch'avch'avadze

Azerbaigian

Məhəmməd Rəsulzadə

Kazakistan

Kerei Khan, Janibek Khan

Cina

Huang Di, Qin Shi Huang, Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong

Hong Kong

Murray MacLehose

Taiwan

Sun Yat-sen [5]

India

Candragupta Maurya, Mahatma Gandhi

Pakistan

Mohammad Ali Jinnah

Giappone

Jinmu

Corea

Dangun

Vietnam

Kinh Dương Vương, Lạc Long Quân, Ho Chi Minh

Iran

Ciro il Grande, Ruhollah Khomeyni

Cambogia

Jayavarman II

Nepal

Prithvi Narayan Shah

Bhutan

Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal

Libano

Fakhr al-Din II, Bishara al-Khuri, Majid Arslan

Giordania

Abd Allah I di Giordania

Oceania

Australia

Henry Parkes

Nuova Zelanda

Kupe

Africa

Sudafrica

Jan Smuts, Nelson Mandela

Senegal

Léopold Sédar Senghor

Tunisia

Habib Bourguiba

Algeria

Abd el-Kader, Ahmed Ben Bella

Marocco

Idris I

Mauritania

Moktar Ould Daddah

Costa d'Avorio

Félix Houphouët-Boigny

Burundi

Ntare Rushatsi

America

Stati Uniti d'America

Padri fondatori degli Stati Uniti d'America sono considerati George Washington, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson e Benjamin Franklin.

Porto Rico

Ramón Emeterio Betances, Pedro Albizu Campos [6]

Panama

Simón Bolívar, José de Fábrega, Tomás Herrera, Justo Arosemena, José Agustín Arango

Canada

John A. Macdonald

Cuba

Carlos Manuel de Céspedes

Guatemala

Pedro de Alvarado, Rafael Carrera

Nicaragua

Diriangén

Venezuela

Simón Bolívar

Argentina

José de San Martín, María Remedios del Valle (Madre de la Patria)

Brasile

Pietro I del Brasile

Messico

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Cile

Bernardo O'Higgins

Colombia

Simón Bolívar

Perù

José de San Martín

Unione Europea

Padri fondatori dell'Unione europea sono considerati il francese Jean Monnet, il franco-tedesco Robert Schuman, gli italiani Altiero Spinelli e Alcide De Gasperi, il belga Paul-Henri Spaak, il tedesco Konrad Adenauer.

Altri esempi

A questi si aggiungono gli antesignani di tutti i fondatori: i padri putativi, da una parte Aristide Briand, che propose di fondare gli Stati Uniti d'Europa, per non ripetere mai più la disastrosa esperienza della Grande guerra, dall'altra Richard Nikolaus di Coudenhove-Kalergi, fondatore del Movimento Paneuropa, la cui opera ha fortemente ispirato il processo di integrazione europea.

Note

  1. ^ https://symbolhunt.com/andorra/national-founder/?nowprocket=1
  2. ^ https://symbolhunt.com/gibraltar-2/national-founder/
  3. ^ https://gibraltar-intro.blogspot.com/2019/03/1893-agustin-e.html
  4. ^ https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/liechtenstein_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/
  5. ^ https://symbolhunt.com/taiwan/national-founder/?nowprocket=1
  6. ^ https://symbolhunt.com/puerto-rico/national-founder/

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