Ossip Bernstein

Ossip Bernstein
NazionalitàRussia (bandiera) Impero russo
Francia (bandiera) Francia
Scacchi
 

Ossip Bernstein, all'anagrafe Osyp Samojlovyč Bernštejn (in ucraino О́сип Само́йлович Бернште́йн?; Žytomyr, 20 settembre 1882Pirenei francesi, 30 novembre 1962), è stato uno scacchista ucraino naturalizzato francese.

Biografia

Nato in una famiglia ebrea, Bernstein crebbe nell'atmosfera antisemita della Russia prerivoluzionaria. Si laureò in legge ad Heidelberg nel 1906 e divenne un avvocato nel settore finanziario.

Bernstein era molto portato per gli affari e accumulò una considerevole ricchezza, ma la perse durante la rivoluzione bolscevica. Nel 1918 fu arrestato dalla Čeka (la polizia segreta bolscevica) perché era ritenuto un alleato dei banchieri, notoriamente avversi alla rivoluzione, e venne condannato a morte. Mentre era già davanti al plotone di esecuzione assieme ad altri condannati un ufficiale gli chiese se era veramente il famoso giocatore di scacchi. Alla sua risposta affermativa gli chiese di giocare una partita con lui, e nel caso avesse perso o anche fatto patta sarebbe stato fucilato. Bernstein vinse facilmente e fu liberato. Fuggì poco dopo a bordo di una nave inglese e si trasferì a Parigi.

Rimase in Francia per il resto della vita ed esercitò con successo la professione di legale per grandi società. Dopo l'occupazione tedesca della Francia durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, essendo ebreo fuggì in Spagna per sfuggire ai nazisti.

Nel 1950, quando la FIDE cominciò ad attribuire titoli ufficiali, gli fu assegnato il titolo di Grande maestro.

Principali risultati

Ossip Bernstein nel 1961.

Nel fortissimo torneo di San Sebastián 1911 Bernstein fu protagonista di un famoso episodio. Protestò (assieme a Nimzovich per l'ammissione di Capablanca al torneo, per il fatto che Capablanca non aveva ancora vinto alcun torneo internazionale. Il caso volle che incontrasse Capablanca nella prima partita, che il cubano vinse in grande stile (vedi la partita online su Chessgames.com. Capablanca in un suo libro commentò così l'episodio: "... fui fortunato ad incontrarlo già nel primo turno".

Bernstein realizzò buoni risultati, ad eccezione di Capablanca e Alekhine, con molti campioni del suo tempo:

  • Emanuel Lasker: + 2 – 2 = 1
  • Mikhail Chigorin: + 2 – 1 = 0
  • Akiba Rubinstein: + 1 – 1 = 7
  • Salo Flohr: + 0 – 0 = 3
  • Capablanca: + 0 – 3 = 1
  • Alekhine: + 1 – 8 = 5

 

 

Partite notevoli

Bernstein–Najdorf
abcdefgh
8
a8 torre del nero
c8 alfiere del nero
f8 torre del nero
h8 re del nero
a7 pedone del nero
b7 pedone del nero
c7 donna del nero
g7 cavallo del nero
c6 pedone del nero
e6 cavallo del nero
f6 alfiere del nero
c5 pedone del bianco
e5 pedone del nero
g5 pedone del nero
h5 pedone del nero
b4 pedone del bianco
c4 alfiere del bianco
e4 pedone del bianco
f4 pedone del nero
a3 pedone del bianco
c3 cavallo del bianco
f3 cavallo del bianco
h3 pedone del bianco
b2 alfiere del bianco
c2 donna del bianco
f2 pedone del bianco
g2 pedone del bianco
d1 torre del bianco
e1 torre del bianco
g1 re del bianco
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Posizione dopo 20. ...h5
  • Ossip Bernstein–Miguel Najdorf, Montevideo 1954. Premio di bellezza del torneo.
Difesa vecchia indiana A-55 – 1. d4 Cf6 2. c4 d6 3. Cc3 Cbd7 4. e4 e5 5. Cf3 g6 6. dxe5 dxe5 7. Ae2 c6 8. 0-0 Dc7 9. h3 Cc5
10. Dc2 Ch5 11. Te1 Ce6 12. Ae3 Ae7 13. Tad1 0-0 14. Af1 Chg7 15. a3 f5 16. b4 f4 17. Ac1 Af6 18. c5 g5 19. Ac4 Rh8 20. Ab2 h5
(vedi diagramma a destra)
21. Cd5!!  cxd5 22. exd5 Cd4 23. Cxd4 exd4 24. d6 Dd7 (altrimenti 25. Dg6 e vince) 25. Txd4!  f3 (se ... Axd4 26. Axd4 Te7
27. Dg6! e poi matto) 26. Tde4 Df5 27. g4! hxg4 28. hxg4 Dg6 29. Te8! Af5 30. Txa8 Txa8 31. gxf5 Dh5 32. Te4 Dh3 33. Af1 Dxf5
34. Th4+!!  (uno splendido tocco finale!) 34. ...gxh4 35. Dxf5 Cxf5 36. Axf6+ Rg8 37. d7 (1–0).   Vedi la partita online

Bibliografia

  • Chicco, Porreca, Dizionario enciclopedico degli scacchi, Mursia 1971
  • Franceschini Enrico, La mossa giusta , Romanzo , Milano , Baldini +Castoldi , 2024

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN37078196 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 8116 0583 · LCCN (ENno97048075 · GND (DE118746030 · BNF (FRcb13534161h (data) · J9U (ENHE987007295940905171

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