MADS-box

MADS box è una sequenza ripetuta altamente conservata trovata all'interno di una famiglia di fattori di trascrizione, le proteine MADS-box.[1][2] La lunghezza delle MADS-box riportata dai vari gruppi di ricerca varia in qualche maniera, ma la lunghezza tipica si aggira intorno alle 168 - 180 paia di basi. [3] Questi geni appartengono ad un buon numero di cellule eucariote, sia animali, vegetali che funghi. hanno una grande importanza in fisiologia, poiché regolano diverse attività biologiche. Come tutti i fattori di trascrizione, i MADS-box interagiscono col DNA.[4] Le proteine MADS-box posseggono un dominio di legame al DNA in zona N-terminale (lungo intorno ai 56 aminoacidi), ed in C-terminale (lungo 36 aminoacidi) al fine di un legame efficiente. Come nel caso di altri fattori di trascrizione, le proteine MADS-box necessitano a volte di unirsi in dimeri (formando omo o eterodimeri).[3]

Origine del nome

Il nome è generalmente un acronimo di riferimento dei geni in cui è stata trovata la sequenza:

Funzione

Gli elementi che posseggono MADS-box hanno un dominio di legame al DNA. Nelle piante, I geni MADS-box sono particolarmente diffusi insieme ad altri geni omeotici (come AGAMOUS e DEFICIENS) che partecipano all'organogenesi della foglia rispetto al Modello ABC di sviluppo fiorale.

In Arabidopsis thaliana per i geni MADS-box SOC1[6] e Flowering Locus C[7] (FLC) è stato dimostrato il ruolo molecolare e metabolico nel controllo temporale dell'inflorescenza. Questi geni sono responsabili per il corretto timing nell'apertura del fiore, ed aiutano a garantire che il periodo fertile sia concomitante al periodo di massima capacità riproduttiva.

Note

  1. ^ West AG, Shore P, Sharrocks AD, DNA binding by MADS-box transcription factors: a molecular mechanism for differential DNA bending, in Mol. Cell. Biol., vol. 17, n. 5, 1º maggio 1997, pp. 2876–87, PMC 232140, PMID 9111360. URL consultato il 13 aprile 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 27 settembre 2011).
  2. ^ Svensson, Mats, Evolution of a family of plant genes with regulatory functions in development; studies on Picea abies and Lycopodium annotinum (PDF) (tesi di dottorato), Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, 2000, ISBN 91-554-4826-7. URL consultato il 30 luglio 2007.
  3. ^ a b A. G. West, P. Shore e A.D. Sharrocks, DNA binding by MADS-box transcription factors: a molecular mechanism for differential DNA bending, in Mol. Cell. Biol., vol. 17, n. 5, 1997, pp. 2876-87, PMID 9111360. URL consultato il 13 aprile 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 27 settembre 2011).
  4. ^ P. Shore e A. D. Sharrocks, The MADS-box family of transcription factors, in European Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 229, n. 1, 1º aprile 1995, pp. 1–13. URL consultato il 13 aprile 2018.
  5. ^ Sommer H, Beltrán JP, Huijser P, Pape H, Lönnig WE, Saedler H, Schwarz-Sommer Z, Deficiens, a homeotic gene involved in the control of flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus: the protein shows homology to transcription factors, in EMBO J., vol. 9, n. 3, 1990, pp. 605–13, PMC 551713, PMID 1968830.
  6. ^ Onouchi H, Igeño MI, Périlleux C, Graves K, Coupland G, Mutagenesis of plants overexpressing CONSTANS demonstrates novel interactions among Arabidopsis flowering-time genes, in Plant Cell, vol. 12, n. 6, 2000, pp. 885–900, DOI:10.1105/tpc.12.6.885, PMC 149091, PMID 10852935.
  7. ^ Michaels SD, Amasino RM, FLOWERING LOCUS C encodes a novel MADS domain protein that acts as a repressor of flowering, in Plant Cell, vol. 11, n. 5, 1999, pp. 949–56, DOI:10.1105/tpc.11.5.949, PMC 144226, PMID 10330478.
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