Luigi Anguillara

Luigi Anguillara, vero nome Luigi Squalermo (Anguillara Sabazia, 1512 circa – Ferrara, 5 settembre 1570), è stato un botanico italiano del XVI secolo.[1]

Fu il primo direttore dell'Orto botanico di Padova.[1]

Biografia

Poco si sa della sua giovinezza. Nacque intorno al 1512 probabilmente ad Anguillara Sabazia nel Lazio, forse figlio di un medico papale.[1] Dal 1539 è attestato presso l'orto botanico privato di Luca Ghini a Bologna, compiendo nei dintorni della città le sue prime escursioni botaniche,[1] e nel 1544 a Pisa. Negli anni quaranta le sue ricerche lo portarono in varie città italiane.[1]

Nel 1546 divenne il primo direttore dell'Orto botanico di Padova (prefetto dell'orto dei semplici),[2] abitando presso l'orto e tenendo relazioni con studiosi di tutta Europa e con numerosi patrocinatori, aristocratici proprietari di giardini.[1]

Pur senza rinunciare alle sue spedizioni,[1] rimase a Padova fino al 1561, quando una polemica con i botanici Ulisse Aldrovandi (direttore dell'Orto botanico di Bologna) e Pietro Andrea Mattioli lo spinse a partire per Ferrara, dove prestò servizio come botanico del duca di Ferrara e continuò i suoi viaggi. Anguillara viaggiò attraverso Grecia, Italia, Francia e Asia Minore e di conseguenza sviluppò una conoscenza molto dettagliata delle piante mediterranee. Potrebbe anche aver insegnato medicina a Ferrara e vi morì nel 1570, probabilmente di peste.[1]

Anguillara è noto per la sua unica opera a stampa, Semplici, scritta tra il 1549 e il 1560. Descrive 1 540 piante, le loro proprietà medicinali e dove si trovano. Le descrizioni sono chiare al punto che gli storici sono in grado di identificare la maggior parte delle piante da lui descritte. Fornisce inoltre note bibliografiche e nomi alternativi. L'opera attinge al De materia medica di Dioscoride e di altri autori antichi ed è articolata in quattordici capitoli, ciascuno dedicato a un medico italiano contemporaneo. Il libro è stato spesso citato dai botanici nel XVII secolo.

Robert Brown chiamò Anguillaria il genere di Liliales (meglio noto come Ardisia)[3] in suo onore nel 1810.

Opere

  • Semplici dell' eccellente ... liquali in piu pareri a diversi huomini scritti appaiono, et nuovamente da m., Giovanni Marinello mandati in luce, Venezia 1561; traduzione latina con commento di Gaspard Bauhin, Basilea 1593.

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h DBI.
  2. ^ Del Negro 2015,  p. 311.
  3. ^ (EN) Philip Miller, The Gardener and Botanist's Dictionary: Containing the Best and Newest Methods of Cultivating and Improving the Kitchen, Fruit and Flower Garden ..., F.C. and J. Rivington, 1807, ARD.

Bibliografia

  • Luca Ciancio, SQUALERMO, Luigi, detto Anguillara, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 93, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2018. Modifica su Wikidata
  • Piero Del Negro (a cura di), Clariores. Dizionario biografico dei docenti e degli studenti dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Padova University Press, 2015.
  • (EN) Jerry Stannard, Anguillara, Luigi, in Dictionary of Scientific Biography.
  • Ettore De Toni, Luigi Anguillara e Pietro Antonio Michiel, in Annali di botanica, n. 8, 1910, pp. 617-685.
  • (FR) Ludovic Legré, La botanique en provence au XVIe siècle: Louis Anguillara, Pierre Belon, Charles de l'Escluse, Antoine Constantin, Marsiglia, 1901.
Approfondimenti
  • Giovanni Battista De Toni, Nuovi documenti intorno Luigi Anguillara, primo prefetto dell'orto botanico di Padova, Venezia, Officine grafiche C. Ferrari, 1911.

Voci correlate

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN) 63994963 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0000 7139 1222 · SBN BVEV017759 · BAV 495/82334 · CERL cnp02143546 · LCCN (EN) no2009161669 · GND (DE) 1089387245 · BNF (FR) cb104255078 (data)
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