Linea IRT Lexington Avenue

Linea IRT Lexington Avenue
Stati attraversatiStati Uniti (bandiera) Stati Uniti
Inizio125th Street
FineBowling Green
Attivazione1904-1918
GestoreNYCTA
Precedenti gestoriIRT
Scartamento1435 mm
Elettrificazione600 V CC (tramite terza rotaia)
Ferrovie

La linea IRT Lexington Avenue è una linea ferroviaria della metropolitana di New York. Fa parte della Divisione A, e si estende da 125th Street, East Harlem (Manhattan), a Bowling Green, Lower Manhattan.[1]

La linea è anche conosciuta anche come linea IRT East Side, poiché è attualmente l'unica linea a servire direttamente l'Upper East Side e East Midtown. Questa linea, che ha quattro binari, è la linea ferroviaria più usata negli Stati Uniti, la sua media è infatti di 1,3 milioni di passeggeri al giorno.[2] Proprio per questo motivo è iniziata la costruzione della linea Second Avenue Subway, il cui scopo è infatti quello di alleviare il sovraffollamento della linea IRT Lexington Avenue.

Diverse stazioni lungo questa linea sono state abbandonate. Quando infatti le piattaforme sono state allungate per adattarle alle nuove vetture, si è ritenuto più vantaggioso chiudere queste stazioni e aprire nuovi ingressi per le stazioni adiacenti. Ad esempio, la stazione 14th Street-Union Square ha un ingresso su 16th Street e la stazione 23rd Street ha un ingresso su 22nd Street, poiché la stazione 18th Street è stata abbandonata a causa della vicinanza eccessiva a queste due stazioni.

Storia

La costruzione iniziò nei primi anni 1890. La sezione della linea, che va dalla stazione City Hall alla stazione 33rd Street e che era parte dell'originale linea dell'Interborough Rapid Transit Company, venne aperta il 27 ottobre 1904.[3] L'estensione verso la stazione Fulton Street venne aperta poco dopo, alle 12.01 del 16 gennaio 1905, mentre la stazione successiva, ovvero Wall Street venne aperta il 12 giugno dello stesso anno.[4]

Il resto della linea verso South Ferry venne aperto meno di un mese dopo il 10 luglio 1905 e il primo treno verso il nuovo capolinea partì alle 23.59. L'estensione della linea IRT White Plains Road, verso West Farnms, venne aperta poco dopo. Il primo treno ad attraversare il Joralemon Street Tunnel partì invece alle 12.45 circa del 9 gennaio 1908.

Il piano originale per quella che sarebbe diventata l'estensione a nord della stazione 33rd Street era di continuare a sud attraverso Irving Place dove oggi sorge la linea BMT Broadway. L'appalto, comprendente anche la sezione 6 tra 26th Street e 40th Street, fu aggiudicato il 21 luglio 1911; all'epoca, tuttavia, l'IRT si era ritirata dai negoziati, e la Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company operava sulla linea Lexington Avenue. L'IRT presentò così un'offerta per quella che poi sarebbe diventata la sua parte nel Dual Contracts, il 27 febbraio 1912, e così la costruzione sulla sezione 6 fu interrotta.[5][6]

Il resto della linea, verso 125th Street, venne inaugurato il 17 luglio 1918.[7]

Caratteristiche

Progetto del cappio di ritorno dell'ormai chiusa stazione di City Hall.

La linea Lexington Avenue inizia a Lower Manhattan nel cappio di ritorno della stazione abbandonata di Sout ferry. A nord della stazione, vi è poi, un'unione dei binari con quelli provenienti dal Joralemon Street Tunnel, che danno origine ai binari espressi. A sud di Centre Street, direttamente sotto il New York City Hall, vi è il cappio di ritorno della stazione abbandona di City Hall, che era l'originale capolinea della linea. I cappio di ritorno è ancora usato dai treni della linea 6.

Dalla stazione di Brooklyn Bridge-City Hall, la linea prosegue verso nord con quattro binari, fino a 42nd Street. A questo punto l'inizio del Park Avenue Tunnel comporta un leggero spostamento verso est della linea. A sud della stazione di Grand Central-42nd Street, un binario la collega poi con il binario locale in direzione sud della navetta 42nd Street Shuttle; questo tracciato era parte della metropolitana originale.

Sotto Lexington Avenue la linea assume una configurazione a doppio livello, i due binari espressi in quello inferiore, i due binari locali in quello superiore, anche se tra le stazioni di 96th Street e di 116th Street la linea ritorna da avere quattro binari paralleli. Nella stazione di 125th Street la linea torna ad avere nuovamente due livelli, quello superiore è pero destinato ai treni in direzione nord, quello inferiore ai treni in direzione sud.

A nord di questa stazione la linea attraversa il fiume Harlem per mezzo di un tunnel (noto come Lexington Avenue Tunnel), e alla fine si divide in due linee, la linea IRT Jerome Avenue, utilizzata dai treni delle linee 4 e 5, e la linea IRT Pelham, utilizzata dai treni della linea 6

Utilizzo
Linea Servizio Sezione della linea ferroviaria
Locale ed espresso Tutta
Espresso Tutta
Locale Brooklyn Bridge - 125th Street
Locale Brooklyn Bridge - 125th Street

Percorso

 Stazioni e fermate 
Unknown route-map component "utCONTg"
linea IRT Jerome Avenue
Urban tunnel straight track Unknown route-map component "utCONTg"
linea IRT Pelham
Unknown route-map component "utBS2l" Unknown route-map component "utBS2r"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZW"
fiume Harlem
Unknown route-map component "utACC"
125th Street
Urban tunnel stop on track
116th Street
Urban tunnel stop on track
110th Street
Urban tunnel stop on track
103rd Street
Urban tunnel stop on track
96th Street
Urban tunnel station on track
86th Street
Urban tunnel stop on track
77th Street
Urban tunnel stop on track
68th Street-Hunter College
Unknown route-map component "utCONTgq" Unknown route-map component "utKRZto" Unknown route-map component "utCONTfq"
linea 63rd Street
Unknown route-map component "utSTR+l" Unknown route-map component "utSTRq" Unknown route-map component "utTBHFt" Unknown route-map component "utCONTfq"
59th Street
Unknown route-map component "utLSTR" Urban tunnel straight track
linea BMT Broadway
Unknown route-map component "utCONTgq"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZto" + Unknown route-map component "HUBc2"
Unknown route-map component "utACCq" + Unknown route-map component "HUB3"
Unknown route-map component "utCONTfq"
linea IND 53rd Street
Unknown route-map component "utHSTACC" + Unknown route-map component "HUB1"
Unknown route-map component "HUBc4"
51st Street
Unknown route-map component "utCONTgq" Unknown route-map component "utSTR+r" Urban tunnel straight track
linea IRT 42nd Street Shuttle
Unknown route-map component "utCONTgq"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZto" + Unknown route-map component "HUBc2"
Unknown route-map component "utTHSTt" + Unknown route-map component "utACC" + Unknown route-map component "HUB3"
Unknown route-map component "utCONTfq"
Grand Central-42nd Street linea IRT Flushing 
Urban tunnel stop on track + Unknown route-map component "HUB1"
Urban tunnel straight track + Unknown route-map component "HUBc4"
Unknown route-map component "utKRWl" Unknown route-map component "utKRWg+r"
Urban tunnel stop on track
33rd Street
Urban tunnel stop on track
28th Street
Unknown route-map component "utHSTACC"
23rd Street
Unknown route-map component "utLSTR2" Unknown route-map component "utSTRc3" Urban tunnel straight track
linea BMT Broadway
Unknown route-map component "utSTRc1" Unknown route-map component "utSTR+4" Urban tunnel unused stop on in-use track
18th Street † 1948
Unknown route-map component "utCONTgq"
Unknown route-map component "utTHSTt" + Unknown route-map component "utACC" + Unknown route-map component "HUB2"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZto" + Unknown route-map component "HUBc3"
Unknown route-map component "utCONTfq"
linea BMT Canarsie
Unknown route-map component "utLSTR" + Unknown route-map component "HUBc1"
Urban tunnel station on track + Unknown route-map component "HUB4"
14th Street-Union Square
Urban tunnel stop on track
Astor Place
Unknown route-map component "HUBc2"
Unknown route-map component "utHSTACC" + Unknown route-map component "HUB3"
Bleecker Street
Unknown route-map component "utCONTgq"
Unknown route-map component "utACCq" + Unknown route-map component "HUB1"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZto" + Unknown route-map component "HUBc4"
Unknown route-map component "utCONTfq"
linea IND Sixth Avenue
Urban tunnel stop on track
Spring Street
Unknown route-map component "utLSTR" Urban tunnel straight track Unknown route-map component "utCONTg"
linea BMT Nassau Street
Urban tunnel station on track + Unknown route-map component "HUBaq"
Unknown route-map component "utHSTACC" + Unknown route-map component "HUBq"
Urban tunnel stop on track + Unknown route-map component "HUBeq"
Canal Street
Unknown route-map component "utABZgl" Unknown route-map component "utKRZto" Unknown route-map component "utKRZto" Unknown route-map component "utCONTfq"
linea BMT Broadway per il ponte di Manhattan
Unknown route-map component "utCONTf" Urban tunnel straight track Urban tunnel straight track
linea BMT Broadway
Urban tunnel unused stop on in-use track Urban tunnel straight track
Worth Street † 1962
Unknown route-map component "utACC" + Unknown route-map component "HUBaq"
Urban tunnel station on track + Unknown route-map component "HUBeq"
Brooklyn Bridge-City Hall
Urban tunnel straight track Unknown route-map component "utCONTf"
linea BMT Nassau Street
Unknown route-map component "d"
Unknown route-map component "utv-SHI2gr" + Unknown route-map component "uexlvHST@F-"
City Hall † 1945
Unknown route-map component "d"
Unknown route-map component "utv-STR" + Unknown route-map component "utvWSLe"
Unknown route-map component "HUBc2"
Unknown route-map component "utACC" + Unknown route-map component "HUB3"
Fulton Street
Unknown route-map component "utCONTgq"
Unknown route-map component "utACCq" + Unknown route-map component "HUB1"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZto" + Unknown route-map component "HUBc4"
Unknown route-map component "utCONTfq"
Brooklyn Branch
Urban tunnel straight track
Unknown route-map component "utLSTR2"
Urban tunnel station on track + Unknown route-map component "utSTRc3"
Wall Street
Unknown route-map component "utCONTg" Unknown route-map component "utSTRc1"
Unknown route-map component "utSTR2+4" + Unknown route-map component "lMKRZ2+4o" + Urban tunnel straight track
Unknown route-map component "utSTRc3"
linea IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue
Unknown route-map component "utSTR2" Unknown route-map component "utdSTRc3" Unknown route-map component "c" Unknown route-map component "uextdKBHFa-L"
Unknown route-map component "utdBHF-R" + Unknown route-map component "lvACC-"
Unknown route-map component "utcSTRc1"
Unknown route-map component "b" + Unknown route-map component "utSTR+4"
Bowling Green
Unknown route-map component "utSTRc1"
Unknown route-map component "utABZ4+2f" + Unknown route-map component "utÜWu2" + Unknown route-map component "uextBS2c1"
Unknown route-map component "uextSTR3+4h" + Unknown route-map component "utABZg23"
Unknown route-map component "utSTRc3" + Unknown route-map component "utCONTf"
linea BMT Broadway
Unknown route-map component "utABZg+1"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZl+4to" + Unknown route-map component "utÜWu4" + Unknown route-map component "utSTRc1"
Unknown route-map component "utABZ+4r"
Unknown route-map component "ut3STR2" Unknown route-map component "ut-3KRZtu" Unknown route-map component "uet3HST3"
South Ferry † 1977
Urban tunnel straight track + Unknown route-map component "lKRZu+G"
Unknown route-map component "utKRZW"
Joralemon Street Tunnel sotto l'East River
Unknown route-map component "utCONTf"
linea IRT Eastern Parkway
Manuale · Legenda · Convenzioni di stile

Note

  1. ^ MTA Capital Construction, Second Avenue Subway, Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement
  2. ^ Federal Transit Administration, US Department of Transportation, MTA New York City Transit, Second Avenue Subway in the Borough of Manhattan, New York County, New York, Final Environmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(f) and Section 6(f) Evaluation (PDF), su mta.info, 6 aprile 2004. URL consultato il 13 giugno 2012.
  3. ^ New York Times, Our Subway Open: 150,000 Try It, 28 ottobre 1904
  4. ^ nycsubway.org
  5. ^ James Blaine Walker, Fifty Years of Rapid Transit, 1864-1917, published 1918, pp. 230-233
  6. ^ Petition for Subway in Lexington Ave., in New York Times, 22 maggio 1912. URL consultato il 16 febbraio 2009.
    «A petition is being circulated among the residents and property owners of the section just south of the Grand Central Station, in Park and Lexington Avenues, protesting against the proposed abandonment of the construction of the Subway in Lexington Avenue, between Forty-third and Thirty-second Streets.»
  7. ^ New York Times, Lexington Av. Line to be Opened Today, 17 luglio 1918, pag. 13

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