Kolağası

Gradi militari dell'Impero ottomano
Gradi
Esercito ottomano
Gradi
Esercito turco
Equivalente
occidentale
Ufficiali
Müşir
مشير
Mareşal Maresciallo di campo
Birinci Ferik
فريق أول
Orgeneral Generale
Ferik
فريق
Korgeneral Tenente generale
Mirliva
أمير لواء
Tümgeneral
Tuğgeneral
Maggior generale
Brigadier generale
Miralay
أمير آلاي
Albay Colonnello
Kaymakam
قائم مقام
Yarbay Tenente colonnello
Binbaşı
بكباشي
Binbaşı Maggiore
Kolağası قول أغاسيb
Sağ Kolağası
Sol Kolağası
Kıdemli Yüzbaşı Primo capitano
Yüzbaşı
يوزباشي
Yüzbaşı Capitano
Mülâzım-ı Evvel
ملازم أول
Üsteğmen Primo tenente
Mülâzım-ı Sani
ملازم ثاني
Teğmen
Asteğmen
Tenente
Sottotenente
Sottufficiali e graduati
Çavuş
شاويش
Çavuş Sergente
Onbaşı
أونباشي
Onbaşı Caporale
Soldati
Nefer
نفر
Er Soldato

Kolağası (turco-ottomano: قول أغاسي) o Kol Ağası, o anche Kol Aghasi era un grado militare dell'esercito ottomano corrispondente a primo capitano (turco: Kıdemli Yüzbaşı)[1] o aiutante maggiore.[2]

Etimologia

Kol Ağası è una parola composta da Kol (colonna in turco) e Ağa (capo in turco).

Storia

Il grado era inferiore a Binbaşı, che corrispondeva a tenente colonnello fino al 1934, quando il grado di Binbaşı venne declassato a maggiore a causa dell'abolizione del grado di Kolağası (Önyüzbaşı), e superiore al grado di Yüzbaşı (Capitano) nell'esercito ottomano e, fino al 1934, nell'esercito turco.

Nonostante fosse un unico grado, Kolağası era diviso in due: Sağ Kolağası (Kolağası del fianco destro) e Sol Kolağası (Kolağası del fianco sinistro). Sağ Kolağası era superiore a Sol Kolağası. Con la costituzione dell'Armata Mansure (turca ottomano: عساكر منصورهٔ محمديه, traslittarato Asâkir-i Mansûre-i Muhammediye, letteralmente "Vittoriosi soldati di Maometto") che venne istituita al posto del Corpo dei Giannizzeri, abolito nel 1826, un reggimento era diviso in 16 colonne, 8 a destra e 8 a sinistra e ai comandanti delle colonne (destra e sinistra) fu assegnato il grado di kolağası. Nel secondo regolamento del 1828, quando i reggimenti furono divisi in tre compagnie e tre battaglioni, il kolağasi divenne l'assistente del comandante del battaglione.

Il grado di Kolağası del fianco destro era considerato superiore rispetto al grado di Kolağası del fianco sinistro. Successivamente al grado di Yüzbaşı (Capitano), un ufficiale otteneva prima la promozione a Sol Kolağası e poi a Sağ Kolağası, che era finito per diventare omologo del maggiore degli eserciti europei.

Il grado di Kolağası venne brevemente rinominato Önyüzbaşı durante i primi anni della Repubblica turca prima di essere definitivamente rimosso in seguito alla ristrutturazione dell'esercito del 1934.

Gradi dell'Esercito ottomano

Il grado di bölükbaşı,[3][4] venne sostituito a metà del XIX secolo con il grado di Yüzbaşı rimasto nel moderno Esercito turco.

Il titolare era al comando di un bölük, una suddivisione di un reggimento.[5]

Grado Ufficiali generali Ufficiali superiori Ufficiali subalterni
Turchia
Turchia

Müşir

Ferik-ı Evvel

Ferik-ı Sani

Mirliva

Miralay

Kaymakam

Binbaşı

Kolağası

Yüzbaşı

Mülazım-ı Evvel

Mülazım-ı Sani
Grado Sottufficiali e graduati truppa
Turchia
Turchia
Çavuş Onbaşı Azab Nefer

Egitto

Gradi militari dell'Egitto
Gradi fino al 1958 Gradi attuali Equivalente NATO
Ufficiali
Ufficiali
Mushīr (مشير) Maresciallo di campo
Sirdar سردار Farīq 'awwāl (فريق أول) Colonnello generale
Farīq (فريق) Tenente generale
Līwa'ā (لواء) Maggior generale
Amiralay (أمير آلاي) Amīd (عميد) Brigadier generale
Qāʾim maqām (قائم مقام) Aqīd (عقيد) Colonnello
Bimbashi (بكباشي) Muqāddām (مقدم) Tenente colonnello
Sagh (صاغ) Rāyīd (رائد) Maggiore
Yuzbashi (يوزباشي) Nāqīb (نقيب) Capitano
Mulāzīm 'awwāl (ملازم أول) Primo tenente
Mulāzīm thani (ملازم ثاني) Mulāzīm (ملازم) Secondo tenente
Sottufficiali e graduati
Gradi (fino al 1922) Gradi dal 1922 Equivalente NATO
Bashjawish (باشجاويش) Rāqīb 'awwāl (رقيب أول) primo sergente
Jawish (شاويش) Rāqīb (رقيب) Sergente
'Uwnmbashi (أونباشي) Arīf (عريف) Caporale
Truppa
Askari (عسكري) Jundī (جندي) Soldato
Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Gradi dell'esercito egiziano.

Nell'esercito del Chedivato d'Egitto il grado era Al Sagh (arabo: صاغ) sostituito dal grado di Rāyīd (arabo: رائد) nel moderno esercito egiziano. Il grado era inferiore a Bimbashi (Muqāddām nell'esercito egiziano moderno) e superiore a Jusbasci (Nāqīb nel moderno esercito egiziano).

Note

  1. ^ Kolağası (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 settembre 2011)., Türk Dil Kurumu
  2. ^ Erik Jan Zürcher, The Role of the Committee of Union and Progress in the Turkish National Movement, 1905-1926, BRILL, 1984. p. 64.. ISBN 978-90-04-07262-6
  3. ^ Nuova enciclopedia italiana: ovvero, Dizionario generale di scienze, lettere, industrie, ecc, Unione tipografico-editrice torinese, 1875, p. 556. URL consultato il 17 gennaio 2022.
  4. ^ Giacomo E. Carretto, Claudio Lo Jacono e Alberto Ventura, Maometto in Europa: Arabi e Turchi in Occidente, 622-1922, A. Mondadori, 1982, p. 18. URL consultato il 17 gennaio 2022.
  5. ^ Charles L. Wilkins, Forging Urban Solidarities: Ottoman Aleppo 1640-1700, BRILL, 2010, p. 293, ISBN 90-04-16907-5.

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