Eleftheria i thanatos

bandiera greca

Eleftheria i thanatos (in greco Ελευθερία ή θάνατος?, IPA: [elefθeˈri.a i ˈθanatos]; 'Libertà o Morte') è il motto della Grecia.[1][2] Ha origine dalle canzoni greche della resistenza che furono potenti fattori motivanti per l'indipendenza. Fu adottato nel 1814 dalla Filikī Etaireia, un'organizzazione segreta costituita appositamente per il rovesciamento del dominio ottomano.

Panoramica

Il motto è sorto durante la guerra d'indipendenza greca nel 1820, dove era un grido di guerra per i greci che si ribellarono al dominio ottomano.[3] Fu adottato dopo la guerra d'indipendenza greca ed è ancora oggi in uso. Una spiegazione per le 9 strisce sulla bandiera greca è che rappresentano le nove sillabe del motto, cinque strisce blu per le sillabe Eleftheria e quattro strisce bianche per i thanatos.[4][5] Il motto simboleggiava e simboleggia tuttora la risolutezza del popolo greco contro la tirannia e l'oppressione.

Parte dell'emblema della Filiki Eteria erano due bandiere con le lettere ΗΕΑ e ΗΘΣ; esse rappresentano Ή ΕλευθερίΑ Ή ΘάνατοΣ , "O libertà o morte".[6][7] Questo è anche il motto della 4ª divisione di fanteria dell'esercito greco.[8]

L'emblema della Filiki Eteria con la lettera ΗΕΑ e ΗΘΣ vista sulle due bandiere blu. Le lettere sono un'abbreviazione delle parole Ή ΕλευθερίΑ Ή ΘάνατοΣ ('Libertà o Morte').

Note

  1. ^ Christian Fogd Pedersen, The International Flag Book in Color, Morrow, 1971, p. 166.
  2. ^ William Crampton, Complete Guide to Flags, Gallery Books, 1991, p. 57, ISBN 0-8317-1605-3.
  3. ^ britannica.com, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1436276/Greek-Independence-Day. URL consultato il 9 settembre 2009.
    «The Greek revolt was precipitated on March 25, 1821, when Bishop Germanos of Patras raised the flag of revolution over the Monastery of Agia Lavra in the Peloponnese. The cry "Freedom or Death" became the motto of the revolution. The Greeks experienced early successes on the battlefield, including the capture of Athens in June 1822, but infighting ensued.»
  4. ^ Robert A. Hinde e Helen Watson, War: A Cruel Necessity?: the Bases of Institutionalized Violence, I.B. Tauris, 1995, p. 55, ISBN 1-85043-824-2.
  5. ^ Whitney Smith, Flag Lore of All Nations, Milbrook Press, 2001, p. 40, ISBN 0-7613-1753-8.
  6. ^ Greek Army website
  7. ^ FHW-Membership card of the Philiki Etaireia
  8. ^ Sito web dell'esercito greco

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

  Portale Grecia: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che parlano della Grecia

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