Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn

Il Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn (大乘起信論; in Wade-Giles Ta-sheng ch'i-hsin lun; in giapponese: Daijōkishinron; coreano: 대승기신론, Taesŭngkisillon; vietnamita: Đại thừa khởi tín luận; lett. "Trattato sul risveglio della fede secondo il Mahāyāna"; intenderebbe rendere un ricostruito sanscrito *Mahāyānaśraddhotpādaśāstra) è un trattato, apocrifo, buddista cinese risalente nelle sue prime presunte traduzioni al VI secolo d.C. e attribuito ad Aśvaghoṣa.

Il Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn nel Canone buddista cinese e le sue origini

Il Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn è presente in due versioni nel Canone buddista cinese:

Il testo è tradizionalmente attribuito all'esegeta buddista Mahāyāna del I secolo, Aśvaghoṣa, ma la critica moderna lo intende come "apocrifo". Alcuni studiosi hanno supposto che il vero autore di questo testo altri non sia che lo stesso Paramārtha che dopo essere giunto in Cina ne abbia forse dapprima redatto una copia in sanscrito, poi andata perduta, e infine ne abbia prodotto una traduzione in lingua cinese[1].

Le dottrine veicolate dal Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn

L'evidente obiettivo dell'autore del Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn è quello di coniugare, conciliandole, due importantissime dottrine proprie del buddismo Mahāyāna: quella relativa al tathāgatagarbha fondata su sūtra quali, ad esempio, il Tathāgatagarbhasūtra, il Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra, lo Śrīmālādevīsiṃhanādasūtra o il Laṅkāvatārasūtra, e la dottrina detta dello ālayavijñāna, commentata da autori di scuola Yogācāra quali, ad esempio, i fratelli Asaṅga e Vasubandhu.

La prima dottrina, quella del tathāgatagarbha, sostiene che l'illuminazione, quindi la natura di Buddha, è già propria di tutti gli esseri senzienti ma questi, ricoperti come sono dalle afflizioni (kleśa: passioni, rabbia, opinioni erronee, brama, ignoranza, dubbi) non ne sono consapevoli.

La seconda dottrina, quella dello ālayavijñāna, colloca invece qui la natura ultima e buddhica degli esseri senzienti, i quali tuttavia vi raccolgono anche dei "semi" (bīja), "negativi" delle azioni passate che impediscono a tale natura, lo ālayavijñāna, di esprimersi nella sua sola pura e autentica natura.

Il Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn incrocia le due dottrine indicando la prima come paramārtha-satya, "Verità assoluta", mentre la seconda assurge al ruolo di saṃvṛti-satya, "Verità convenzionale". Dal che il tathāgatagarbha è l'"incondizionato" (asaṃskṛta) mentre lo ālayavijñāna indica il "condizionato" (saṃskṛta).

La "mente" è per sua natura, natura di Buddha, tathāgatagarbha, ma essa è vincolata ai processi di produzione e cessazione (di nascita e morte, saṃsāra) e quindi ne detiene i "semi" nello ālayavijñāna, quindi la "mente" è contemporaneamente "illuminata" e "ingannata".

Dal punto di vista dei Buddha e dei bodhisattva pienamente illuminati, la mente di tutti gli esseri senzienti (sattva) è vista come in un perpetuo stato di "illuminazione originale" (běnjué, hongaku, 本覺), mentre dal punto di vista degli esseri senzienti la stessa mente è percepita come ingannata, afflitta, e quindi necessita di quelle purificazioni mediante lo shǐjué (始覺, giapponese: shigaku; "illuminazione acquisita" o "illuminazione realizzata") attraverso la liberazione, la purificazione, dagli kleśa.

Secondo il Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn per realizzare l'illuminazione occorre quindi praticare sia lo zhǐ (止, sanscrito: śamatha, la "calma"), sia il guān (觀, sanscrito: vipaśyanā, "discernimento"), nonché il wúniàn (無念, "non-pensiero"). Gli aspetti di questo percorso realizzativo sono ampiamente illustrati in questa opera.

Note

  1. ^ «although some scholars have speculated that Paramārtha may in fact have composed the treatise after his arrival in China, perhaps even in Sanskrit, and then translated it into Chinese» Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, a cura di Robert E. Buswell Jr. & Donald S. Lopez Jr., Princeton University Press, 2013

Bibliografia

  • Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, a cura di Robert E. Buswell Jr. & Donald S. Lopez Jr., Princeton University Press, 2013

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Read other articles:

2007 historical novel by John Preston The Dig First editionAuthorJohn PrestonIllustratorClifford HarperCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishGenreHistorical/Romance novelPublisherViking PressPublication dateMay 2007Media typePrint (Hardback & Paperback)Pagesvi & 231 ppISBN978-0-670-91491-3OCLC77540876 The Dig is a historical novel by John Preston, published in May 2007, set in the context of the 1939 Anglo-Saxon ship burial excavation at Sutton Hoo, Suffolk, England. The dust jacke...

 

United States historic placeFirst Landing Party of the Founders of NewarkU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesNew Jersey Register of Historic Places Show map of Essex County, New JerseyShow map of New JerseyShow map of the United StatesLocationNewark, New JerseyCoordinates40°44′22″N 74°9′58″W / 40.73944°N 74.16611°W / 40.73944; -74.16611Built1916ArchitectGutzon BorglumMPSPublic Sculpture in Newark MPSNRHP reference No.64500405NJRHP No.311...

 

Uni Sepak Bola Amerika UtaraTipeOrganisasi olahragaJumlah anggota 3 asosiasi anggota Anggota NAFU (oranye), anggota CONCACAF (oranye dan kamel). Uni Sepak Bola Amerika Utara (Bahasa Inggris:North American Football Union), sering disebut dengan singkatan NAFU, adalah pengelompokan wilayah di bawah CONCACAF organisasi nasional sepak bola dalam Zona Amerika Utara.[1] Anggota NAFU terdiri dari tiga dari empat anggota CONCACAF Amerika Utara:  Kanada  Meksiko  Amerika Serikat...

Academia, Inc.URLacademia.eduTipelayanan jejaring sosial, arsip dokumen dan situs web PendaftaranPerluBahasaInggrisPembuatFrancisco R.Mtz Cossio Berdiri sejakSeptember 2008Lokasi kantor pusatSan Francisco NegaraAmerika Serikat Peringkat Alexa▲ 216 (International), 46 (Indonesia) (July 2019[update])[1]StatusAktif Academia.edu adalah situs jejaring sosial bagi akademisi. Serambi ini dapat digunakan untuk berbagi dokumen, memantau dampaknya,dan mengikuti penelitian dalam bidang...

 

Strains of Japonica rice This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Japanese rice – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) From left: brown rice, half-milled rice, white rice A Japanese rice field in Nara Japanese rice refers to a...

 

French aeronautical research and development centre This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. (October 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately...

Identifiable collection of matter This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Physical object – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A bubble of exhaled gas in water In common usage and classical mechanics, a physical object or physical bod...

 

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Метис (значения). «Метис»9К115 «Метис» по кодификации НАТО: AT-7 Saxhorn ПТРК «Метис-М1». Тип противотанковый ракетный комплекс Статус эксплуатируется Разработчик / КБП (Тула), НИТИ (Балашиха)[1] Принятие на вооружение 1978 (Метис) ...

 

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Калашников; Калашников, Василий. Василий Калашников Дата рождения 19 апреля 1855(1855-04-19) Место рождения Карсунский уезд, Симбирская губерния, Российская империя Дата смерти 26 апреля 1935(1935-04-26) (80 лет) Место смерт�...

British politician Fleur AndersonMPOfficial portrait, 2019Member of Parliamentfor PutneyIncumbentAssumed office 12 December 2019Preceded byJustine GreeningMajority4,774 (9.5%) Shadow portfolios 2023–presentNorthern Ireland2021–2023Paymaster General2021–2021Cabinet Office Member of Wandsworth Councilfor BedfordIn office22 May 2014 – April 2021Succeeded byHannah Stanislaus Personal detailsBornKathleen Fleur Anderson (1971-02-06) 6 February 1971 (age 53)Jersey, Channel ...

 

Jean DecouxDecoux tahun 1919Lahir(1884-05-05)5 Mei 1884BordeauxMeninggal21 Oktober 1963(1963-10-21) (umur 79)ParisPengabdian Republik Prancis Ketiga Prancis VichyDinas/cabangAngkatan Laut PrancisLama dinas1901–1949PangkatLaksamanaKomandanKetua Komandan Angkatan Laut Timur Jauh Jean Decoux (5 Mei 1884 – 21 Oktober 1963) merupakan seorang laksamana angkatan laut Prancis, yang menjadi Gubernur-Jenderal Indochina Prancis dari bulan Juli 1940 hingga tanggal 9 ...

 

1984 single by Van Halen Hot for TeacherSingle by Van Halenfrom the album 1984 B-sideLittle DreamerReleasedOctober 1984 (US)[1]Recorded1983Studio5150 Studios, Studio City, CaliforniaGenre Glam metal heavy metal hard rock Length3:58 (single version) 4:44 (album version)LabelWarner Bros.Songwriter(s) Eddie Van Halen Alex Van Halen Michael Anthony David Lee Roth Producer(s)Ted TemplemanVan Halen singles chronology Panama (1984) Hot for Teacher (1984) Why Can't This Be Love (1986) Music v...

Salt lake, endorheic basin in TunisiaChott el DjeridIn summer Chott el Djerid is almost entirely dried up, as seen in this photo from May 2021.Chott el DjeridChott al-Djarid in TunisiaCoordinates33°42′N 8°26′E / 33.7°N 8.43°E / 33.7; 8.43TypeSalt lake, endorheic basinPrimary inflowsgroundwaterPrimary outflowsterminal EvaporationBasin countriesTunisiaMax. length250 km (160 mi)Max. width20 km (12 mi)Surface area7,000 km2 (2,700 ...

 

Carex divisa Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Tracheophyta (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Monokotil (tanpa takson): Komelinid Ordo: Poales Famili: Cyperaceae Genus: Carex Spesies: Carex divisa Nama binomial Carex divisaHuds. Carex divisa adalah spesies tumbuhan seperti rumput yang tergolong ke dalam famili Cyperaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Poales. Spesies Carex divisa sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Carex.[1] Nama ilmiah dar...

 

WashingtonCrime rates* (2018)Violent crimesRape45.3Robbery73.9Aggravated assault189.1Total violent crime311.5Property crimesBurglary533.5Larceny-theft2045.4Motor vehicle theft367.3Total property crime2946.2Notes*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.Source: FBI UCS Annual Crime Reports 2018Crime rates in the state of Washington grew rapidly to large levels from 1960 to 1980, however slowed in growth from 1980 onward.[1] Although the cause of this drop in crime growth from ...

← липень → Пн Вт Ср Чт Пт Сб Нд 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31         2024 рік 26 липня  — 207-й день року (208-й у високосні роки) у григоріанському календарі. До кінця року залишається 158 днів. Цей день в історії: 25 липня—26 липня—27 липня Зміст 1 Свят�...

 

الدوري التشيكوسلوفاكي 1936–37 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري التشيكوسلوفاكي  [لغات أخرى]‏  النسخة 32  البلد تشيكوسلوفاكيا  التاريخ بداية:23 أغسطس 1936  نهاية:17 مايو 1937  المنظم اتحاد جمهورية التشيك لكرة القدم  البطل سلافيا براغ  عدد المشاركين 12   الدوري التشيكو�...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أكتوبر 2017) يو أي زي 452معلومات عامةالنوع طراز سيارة الفئة انتاجيةالمصنع يو أي زيالإنتاج 1965المحرك وناقل الحركةالمحرك ZMZ-451M1 petrolوضع المحرك أماميالقوة 112 حصانناقل الحركة 5...

Shefa-'Amr שְׁפַרְעָםشفاعمروTranskripsi bahasa Ibrani • ISO 259Šparˁam • Juga dieja sebagaiShfar'am (official) [[Shefa-'Amr|]]DistrikUtaraPemerintahan • JenisKota • Kepala DaerahNahd KhazemLuas • Total19.766 dunams (19,766 km2 or 7,632 sq mi)Populasi (2012) • Total38.343 • Kepadatan1,9/km2 (5,0/sq mi) Shefa-'Amr, juga Shfar'am (bahasa Arab:...

 

Aboriginal land title in New Mexico is unique among aboriginal title in the United States. Congressional legislation was passed to define such title after the United States acquired this territory following war with Mexico (1846–1848). But the Supreme Court of the New Mexico Territory and the United States Supreme Court held that the Nonintercourse Act did not restrict the alienability of Pueblo lands. When the Supreme Court reversed its position in 1913, the land title to much of the state...