Cristianesimo in Eritrea

La cattedrale ortodossa Enda Mariam ad Asmara

L'Eritrea è un paese multireligioso con due religioni dominanti, il Cristianesimo e l'Islam, con circa il 50% della popolazione che è cristiana e il 50% musulmana secondo l'Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati (UNHCR)[1]. Secondo il Pew Research Center, il 62,5% sono i seguaci del cristianesimo, per lo della Chiesa ortodossa eritrea e, in misura minore, del cattolicesimo romano[2].

L'Eritrea, insieme al suo vicino meridionale, l'Etiopia, è stato uno dei primi paesi cristiani nel mondo che hanno adottato ufficialmente il cristianesimo come religione di stato nel IV secolo. Allo stesso tempo, è stato anche uno dei primi insediamenti musulmani in Africa, dove un gruppo di credenti in Allah e Maometto, di fronte alla persecuzione che subivano alla Mecca viaggiarono fino in Abissinia, (oggi Etiopia) attraverso la moderna Eritrea. I cristiani in Eritrea costituiscono i tre gruppi principali; la Chiesa ortodossa eritrea, la Chiesa cattolica romana e la Chiesa evangelica. Le diocesi cattoliche in Eritrea sono l'arcieparchia di Asmara e le eparchie di Barentù, Cheren e Saganèiti.

Il governo eritreo riconosce come legittime solo quattro religioni; l'ortodossia eritrea, l'islam, il cattolicesimo e il luteranismo della Chiesa evangelica eritrea (di origine svedese). Gli altri gruppi religiosi, quali i Testimoni di Geova e il pentecostalismo, sono fuorilegge e i praticanti possono essere detenuti a tempo indeterminato.[3][4][5]

Note

  1. ^ 2009 Report on International Religious Freedom - Eritrea - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), su unhcr.org (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 ottobre 2012).
  2. ^ Tracy Miller (a cura di), Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population (PDF), Pew Research Center, October 2009. URL consultato l'8 ottobre 2009 (archiviato dall'url originale il 10 ottobre 2009).
  3. ^ Tekle M. Woldemikael, Victoria Bernal, "Religion in Eritrea" in Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices (Gale Group Publishers 2006) Archiviato il 12 marzo 2016 in Internet Archive.
  4. ^ United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2016 Annual Report, pp. 39–43
  5. ^ "Eritrea says not aware of mass arrest of Christians" Archiviato il 1º dicembre 2017 in Internet Archive., Reuters, Jeremy Clarke, December 10, 2009, Retrieved June 11, 2011.

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