Consiglio dei Pregadi

Consiglio dei Pregadi
L'ultimo Senato della Repubblica di Venezia, di Vittorio Emanuele Bressanin, XIX secolo
StatoRepubblica di Venezia (bandiera) Repubblica di Venezia
TipoAssemblea legislativa aristocratica
Istituito daJacopo Tiepolo
PredecessoreConsilium sapientes
Operativo dal1229
Soppresso12 maggio 1797
daNapoleone Bonaparte con il trattato di Milano
SuccessoreMunicipalità provvisoria di Venezia
Dogeda Jacopo Tiepolo (primo)
a Ludovico Manin (ultimo): elenco
Eletto daMaggior Consiglio
Numero di membri120
SedePalazzo Ducale, Venezia

Il Consiglio dei Pregadi o Consiglio dei Rogadi o, più comunemente, Senato era un organo costituzionale della Repubblica di Venezia istituito sin dal 1229 quale assemblea deliberativa superiore della Repubblica, che si occupava di discutere della politica estera e dei problemi correnti con un meccanismo decisionale più snello e ristretto rispetto al sovrano Maggior Consiglio.

Il nome di Consiglio dei Pregadi si riferisce letteralmente al fatto che i senatori venivano originariamente pregati di fornire il proprio consiglio al Doge, mentre il nome Senato si impose invece solamente nel XIV secolo col diffondersi della cultura umanista.

Il Senato si riuniva nell'omonima sala di Palazzo Ducale.

Composizione e funzioni

Membri elettivi e di diritto

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Zonta (Repubblica di Venezia).

Il Senato era presieduto dalla Serenissima Signoria con a capo il Doge, mentre i lavori erano preparati e diretti dai Savi del Collegio.
Vi erano poi i Pregadi:

  • anzitutto i sessanta senatori annuali eletti dal Maggior Consiglio;
  • a questi si aggiunsero successivamente altri senatori che costituivano la cosiddetta Zonta, cioè "aggiunta": istituita nella seconda metà del Trecento e rinnovata per decreto di anno in anno, essa divenne ordinaria e perpetua parte del Senato nel 1506, col definitivo numero di sessanta senatori de Zonta.

A questi membri elettivi si sommavano poi, di diritto, l'intera Quarantia, il Consiglio dei Dieci e gli Avogadori de Comùn. Dal 1305 sedevano per diritto in Senato, senza preventivo decreto del Maggior Consiglio anche i Procuratori di San Marco.
I pregadi erano distinguibili per il fatto di indossare la toga rossa, contrapposta alla normale toga nera degli altri patrizi.

Membri ex officio

Partecipavano ai lavori del Senato molti magistrati e funzionari dello Stato di volta in volta chiamati a trattare ex officio, cioè per necessità di carica, le materie loro inerenti:

Da notare tuttavia come, per l'uso di assommare diversi incarichi alla medesima persona, spesso molti di questi funzionari rappresentassero al contempo più funzioni diverse e fossero al contempo essi stessi dei senatori eletti.

Galleria di senatori veneziani

Bibliografia

  • L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia. Indice generale, storico, descrittivo ed analitico. Tomo I - Archivi dell'amministrazione centrale della Repubblica Veneta e archivi notarili, 1937.

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