Sopragastaldo

Nell'ordinamento giudiziario della Repubblica di Venezia, il sopragastaldo era una magistratura incaricata dell'esecuzione delle sentenze e della conservazione dei documenti relativi agli atti ducali, palatini e della Chiesa di San Marco e agli atti notarili.

Storia e funzioni

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Gastaldato.

Sin dai tempi più antichi, infatti, tale funzione era affidato ad un gastaldo nominato dal Doge e scelto tra i cittadini. Nel 1471, l'ufficio del gastaldo venne riformato, affiancando al gastaldo ducale due patrizi, inizialmente con pari dignità. Tuttavia, già nel 1471 i patrizi, cresciuti in numero di tre, andarono a costituire l'ufficio del sopragastaldo, incaricato di sovrintendere a due gastaldi ducali.
L'esecuzione delle sentenze civili da parte del sopragastaldo era inizialmente soggetta al diritto d'appello presso i Procuratori di San Marco, ma, dal 1485 si provvide a nominare un patrizio incaricato di operare in vece dei Procuratori. Tale patrizio veniva dunque detto in luogo dei procuratori sopra atti del sopragastaldo o semplicemente sopra atti del sopragastaldo.

Bibliografia

  • Da Mosto, Andrea: L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Biblioteca d'Arte editrice, Roma, 1937.
  • Mutinelli, Fabio: Lessico Veneto, tipografia Giambattista Andreola, Venezia, 1852.
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