Cianuro di litio

Cianuro di litio
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareLiCN
Massa molecolare (u)32,96
Aspettosolido bianco
Numero CAS2408-36-8
Numero EINECS219-308-3
PubChem75478
SMILES
[C-]#N.[Li+]
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Densità (g/cm3, in c.s.)1,025
Temperatura di fusione160 °C
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Simboli di rischio chimico
Molto tossico Pericoloso in ambiente Nocivo

Il cianuro di litio è il sale di litio dell'acido cianidrico. A temperatura ambiente si presenta come una polvere bianca. Questo sale viene comunemente utilizzato come reagente nelle reazioni inorganiche e organometalliche e può essere rilevato nell'ambiente naturale in quanto si forma dalla reazione del litio con l'acetonitrile, due composti presenti nelle batterie litio-zolfo.

Proprietà

Il cianuro di litio sotto forma di solido è stabile a temperatura ambiente ma diventa altamente igroscopico quando viene riscaldato a 160 °C. Il composto si decompone a formare cianammide e carbonio quando viene riscaldato a temperature vicine ma non superiori a 600 °C. In presenza di acidi deboli, clorati e forti ossidanti, il cianuro di litio libera fumi tossici di acido cianidrico.

Reazioni

Il cianuro di litio può essere preparato facendo reagire il litio metallico con il cianuro d'argento, l'idruro di litio con l'acido cianidrico oppure con l'acetoncianidrina.

Questo composto viene utilizzato comunemente come reagente in chimica organica nelle reazioni di cianazione e può essere utilizzato anche in ambiente non acquoso. Ad esempio, i nitrili possono essere ottenuti con rese elevate a partire dagli alogenuri alchilici (bromuri o ioduri) operando a riflusso utilizzando il tetraidrofurano come solvente:

Altri progetti

  Portale Chimica: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia

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