Carlemanniaceae

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Carlemanniaceae
Silvianthus bracteatus
Classificazione APG IV
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
(clade)Angiosperme
(clade)Mesangiosperme
(clade)Eudicotiledoni
(clade)Eudicotiledoni centrali
(clade)Asteridi
(clade)Euasteridi I
OrdineLamiales
FamigliaCarlemanniaceae
Airy Shaw, 1965
Classificazione Cronquist
taxon non contemplato
Generi

Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw, 1965 è una famiglia di piante spermatofite dicotiledoni appartenenti all'ordine Lamiales.[1]

Etimologia

Il nome della famiglia deriva dal genere Carlemannia Benth., 1853. Il nome scientifico della famiglia è stato definito per la prima volta dal botanico australiano Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw (1902–1985) nella pubblicazione Kew Bulletin del 1965.[2][3]

Descrizione

  • Formula fiorale: per queste piante viene indicata la seguente formula fiorale:
X, K (4/5), [C (4/5), A (2)], G (2), supero, capsula[5]
  • La corolla, gamopetala (o meglio simpetala) ha delle forme tubulari, o a imbuto o campanulate ed ha 4 o 5 petali. I petali sono embricati o conduplicati-valvati con forme ovate/arrotondate. Talvolta dentro il tubo sono presenti dei peli.

Riproduzione

  • Impollinazione: l'impollinazione avviene tramite insetti (impollinazione entomogama).
  • Riproduzione: la fecondazione avviene fondamentalmente tramite l'impollinazione dei fiori (vedi sopra).
  • Dispersione: i semi cadendo a terra sono dispersi soprattutto da insetti tipo formiche (disseminazione mirmecoria).

Distribuzione e habitat

La distribuzione delle specie di questa famiglia relativa alla parte tropicale del sud est asiatico (da Assam a Sumatra). Crescono soprattutto nelle foreste montagnose e lungo i torrenti delle zone collinari sempreverdi.

Tassonomia

Le specie di questa famiglia inizialmente sono state posizionate nella famiglia delle Rubiaceae (Bentham, 1853). In seguito altri Autori hanno trovato delle possibili affinità con le Caprifoliaceae, Gesneriaceae, Saxifragaceae o Valerianaceae. Alla fine dell'altro secolo (1998) i primi studi di tipo filogenetico hanno portato ad includere le Carlemanniaceae nel clade Euasteridi II; ma successi e più approfonditi studi hanno definitivamente posizionato la famiglia nell'ordine Lamiales (Euasteridi I). In questo ordine la famiglia occupa una posizione abbastanza "basale" e risulta "gruppo fratello" della famiglia Oleaceae.[3]

Composizione della famiglia

La famiglia si compone di due generi con 5 specie:[1][3]

Note

  1. ^ a b c Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, su mobot.org. URL consultato il 14 settembre 2015.
  2. ^ Kew Bulletin. Official Journal of the Royal Botanic Gardens, vol. 19, n. 511, Kew, England, 1965.
  3. ^ a b c d Kadereit 2004, p. 57.
  4. ^ eFloras - Flora of China, su efloras.org. URL consultato il 15 settembre 2015.
  5. ^ Judd 2007, p. 495.
  6. ^ Musmarra 1996.

Bibliografia

  • Kadereit J.W, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume VII. Lamiales., Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004, p. 57.
  • Judd S.W. et al, Botanica Sistematica - Un approccio filogenetico, Padova, Piccin Nuova Libraria, 2007, ISBN 978-88-299-1824-9.
  • 1996 Alfio Musmarra, Dizionario di botanica, Bologna, Edagricole.
  • Richard G. Olmstead, Claude W. Depamphilis, Andrea D. Wolfe, Nnelson D. Young, Wayne J. Elisons, and Patrick A. Reeves, Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae, in American Journal of Botany, vol. 88, n. 2, 2001, pp. 348–361.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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