Formula fiorale

Abbozzo
Questa voce sull'argomento anatomia vegetale è solo un abbozzo.
Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia.

La formula fiorale è una convenzione adottata per schematizzare la descrizione di un fiore utilizzando sigle e numeri che indicano i verticilli e la loro disposizione.

Le sigle convenzionali adottate sono le seguenti:

  • K = calice (a cui viene fatto seguire il numero dei sepali)
  • C = corolla (numero dei petali)
  • P = perigonio (numero dei tepali)
  • A = androceo (numero degli stami)
  • G = gineceo (numero dei carpelli o ovari)
  • ∞ = numero superiore a 10
  • ( x ) = x elementi saldati tra loro

Come esempio, la formula del fiore delle Lamiaceae che possiedono, generalmente, cinque sepali saldati, cinque petali saldati, cinque stami (di cui uno abortito) e un ovario che può variare tra cinque e due carpelli, è la seguente:

↓K(5)[C(5)A5]G(5->2)

La formula può contenere anche simboli relativi alla simmetria (posti all'inizio della formula):

  • * = actinomorfo (simmetria radiale)
  • ↓ oppure X = zigomorfo (simmetria bilaterale)
  • $ = asimmetrico (nessuna simmetria di rilievo)

o al sesso del fiore (sempre posti all'inizio della formula):

  • = maschile
  • = femminile
  • = ermafrodito

Alla fine della formula invece si possono trovare le informazioni sulla posizione dell'ovario e sul tipo di frutto:

Ovario:

  • supero
  • semi-infero
  • infero

Frutto:

(e altri...)

Esempio per un'orchidea del genere Ophrys:

X, P 3+3, [A 1, G (3)], infero, capsula

(fiore a simmetria bilaterale, perigonio con due verticilli di tre tepali ognuno, androceo e gineceo in un'unica struttura (=ginostemio) con un stame fertile e tre carpelli fusi insieme, ovario infero, frutto a capsula)

Bibliografia

  • Judd-Campbell-Kellogg-Stevens-Donoghue, Botanica Sistematica - Un approccio filogenetico, Padova, Piccin Nuova Libraria, 2007, p. 69, ISBN 978-88-299-1824-9.

Voci correlate

  Portale Botanica: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di botanica

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