Battaglia di Saint Kitts (1629)

Battaglia di Saint Kitts (1629)
parte della guerra anglo-spagnola (1625-30)
La cattura di San Cristóbal (St. Kitts) di Félix Castello.
Data17 giugno 1629 - 7 settembre 1629
LuogoSaint Kitts e Nevis
EsitoVittoria spagnola
Schieramenti
Comandanti
Effettivi
4 000 uomini
20 galeoni
3 000 uomini
Perdite
Molte navi distrutte[1]
9 navi catturate[2]
171 pezzi d'artiglieria catturati
3 100 prigionieri[3]
Voci di battaglie presenti su Wikipedia

La battaglia di St. Kitts o battaglia di San Cristóbal fu una spedizione militare spagnola che strappò le isole di Saint Kitts e Nevis a inglesi e francesi durante la guerra anglo-spagnola (1625-30).

Antefatti

Nell'anno 1629, la colonia inglese di St. Kitts era cresciuta abbastanza da essere considerata una minaccia per le Indie occidentali spagnole. I coloni inglesi erano ormai quasi 3.000, e avevano ricevuto armi e munizioni dalla madrepatria.[4] Fu dato ordine al comandante della flotta spagnola Armada de Sotavento di sgomberare i coloni inglesi e francesi pesantemente armati.

Incursione

La spedizione spagnola, sotto il comando dell'ammiraglio Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo Osorio, approdò a Nevis e catturò e distrusse diverse navi inglesi lì ancorate.[1] I soldati spagnoli furono quindi fatti sbarcare per distruggere le poche strutture di nuova costruzione e catturare i coloni.[1]

Quando Nevis fu catturata dalle forze spagnole, i coloni furono abbandonati dai loro servi, che nuotarono verso le navi spagnole al grido di "Libertà, gioiosa libertà",[5][6] preferendo la collaborazione con gli spagnoli alla soggezione ai tirannici proprietari inglesi.[7][8]

Il 7 settembre 1629 la spedizione spagnola si spostò sull'isola gemella Saint Kitts e bruciò l'intero insediamento.[9]

Conseguenze

Secondo i termini della resa, gli spagnoli organizzarono una spedizione per riportare in Inghilterra circa 700 coloni. Ma altri coloni, variamente stimati tra i 200 e i 400, evitarono la cattura rifugiandosi sulle colline e nei boschi.[4] Dopo l'accordo di Madrid tra le corone spagnola e inglese (1630), gli spagnoli lasciarono l'isola, restituendola all'Inghilterra. I fuggiaschi tornarono nelle loro piantagioni per formare il nucleo di una nuova fase di colonizzazione.[4]

Note

  1. ^ a b c Marx p.30
  2. ^ Engerman/Paquette p.92
  3. ^ Marley p.137
  4. ^ a b c Sheridan p.85
  5. ^ Paquette p.93
  6. ^ Vincent Hubbard, Swords, Ships & Sugar, Corvallis, Premiere Editions International, Inc., 2002, p. 45, ISBN 978-1-891519-05-5.
  7. ^ Elliot, p.103
  8. ^ Vincent Hubbard, A History of St. Kitts, Macmillan Caribbean, 2002, p. 20, ISBN 978-0-333-74760-5.
  9. ^ Sheridan p. 85

Bibliografia

  • Robert L. Brenner, Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653, Verso (2003) ISBN 1-85984-333-6
  • John H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 Yale University Press (2007) ISBN 0-300-11431-1
  • Robert F. Marx, Shipwrecks in the Americas, New York (1971) ISBN 0-486-25514-X
  • Robert L. Paquette and Stanley L. Engerman, The Lesser Antilles In The Age Of European Expansion (1996) ISBN 0-8130-1428-X
  • Robert L. Paquette, The Lesser Antilles in the Age of European Expansion, University Press of Florida (1996) ISBN 0-8130-1428-X
  • Richard B. Sheridan, Sugar and Slavery; An Economic History Of The British West Indies, 1623-1775 The Johns Hopkins University Press (1 April 1974) ISBN 0-8018-1580-0
  • Timothy R. Walton, The Spanish Treasure Fleets by Pineapple Press (1994) ISBN 1-56164-049-2
  • David Marley, Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to the present, ABC-CLIO (1998) ISBN 978-0-87436-837-6

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