Mehdya

Mehdya (in arabo المهدية?, al-Mahdiyā), anche Mehdia o Mehedya, è una città nella provincia di Kénitra, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, in Marocco. Precedentemente chiamata al-Ma'mura, era conosciuta come São João da Mamora sotto l'occupazione portoghese del XVI secolo, o come La Mamora sotto l'occupazione spagnola del XVII secolo.

Secondo il censimento del 2004, la città ha una popolazione di 16.262 abitanti.[1] Si trova sul fiume Sebou (Oued Sebu o Uadi Sebu).

Storia

Mehdya era precedentemente chiamata Al-Ma'mura ("il ben popolato") o La Mamora in Europa, ed era un porto sulla costa del Marocco. Secondo un antico racconto, nel sito fu fondata una colonia nel V secolo a.C. dai Cartaginesi da Annone, che la chiamarono Thymiaterium.[2]

Governo portoghese (1515–1541)

Fu conquistato dai portoghesi nel 1515 e ribattezzato São João da Mamora. Complessivamente, i portoghesi hanno conquistato 6 città marocchine e costruito 6 fortezze autonome sulla costa Atlantica marocchina, tra il fiume Loukos a nord e il fiume Sous a Sud. Quattro delle fortezze autonome ebbero solo una breve durata: Graciosa (1489), Forte de São João de Mamora (1515), Castelo Real di Mogador (1506–10) e Aguz (1520–25). Due di loro sarebbero diventati insediamenti urbani permanenti: Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué ( Agadir, fondata nel 1505-06), e Mazagan fondata nel 1514-17. I portoghesi dovettero abbandonare la maggior parte dei loro insediamenti tra il 1541 e il 1550, sebbene riuscirono a mantenere Ceuta, Tangeri e Mazagan.[3]

Occupazione spagnola (1614–1681)

Porto di La Mamora sotto gli spagnoli.
Il Cristo di Medinaceli, saccheggiato a La Mamora (Medhya), trascinato per le strade di Meknes, quadro di Juan de Valdés Leal, 1681.

Mehdya, conosciuta come La Mamora, fu sotto il dominio spagnolo tra il 1614 e il 1681.[4] Dopo aver catturato Larache nel 1610, una flotta spagnola al comando dell'ammiraglio Luis Fajardo de Córdoba catturò Al-Ma'mura durante il regno di Mulay Zidan nell'agosto 1614, a causa del periodo di anarchia che seguì la morte di Mulay al-Mansur nel 1603.[5] Dopo le trattative con Mulay Zidan, lasciarono una forte guarnigione di 1.500 uomini e chiamarono il porto San Miguel de Ultramar.[2]

Il signore della guerra Sidi al-Ayachi guidò una controffensiva contro l'Impero spagnolo, corsarando contro la sua spedizione, e ottenendo l'aiuto dei moriscos e degli inglesi.[5][6] Intorno al 1627, il sultano riuscì a catturare temporaneamente Al-Ma'mura e ad aggiungerlo alla sua Repubblica di Salé.[5]

Gli spagnoli mantennero la città per 67 anni, quando fu conquistata dal sultano Alauita Moulay Ismaïl nel 1681.[4] Secondo la tradizione, il vescovo di Cadice aveva commissionato una statua di Gesù Cristo per la chiesa di La Mamora, che era nella diocesi di Cadice. Quando i marocchini rioccuparono la città nel 1681 presero la statua come bottino, ed in seguito gli spagnoli diedero un riscatto per la restituzione della statua, che fu portata a Madrid dove è oggi venerata con il nome di Cristo de Medinaceli.[7]

Periodo marocchino (dal 1681)

Il nuovo sultano Mulay Ismail prese d'assalto la città nel 1681 e ribattezzò la città al-Mahdiya.[2] L'iconica Kasbah Mahdiyya è stata restaurata e ampliata durante questo periodo.[8]

Nel 1795, il sultano Mulay Slimane chiuse il porto di Mehdya per evitare incursioni straniere.

I francesi occuparono Mehdya nel 1911.[2]

Circa 9.000 truppe alleate, trasportate da 19 navi da guerra durante la seconda guerra mondiale, furono sbarcate a Mehdya durante l'operazione Torch nel 1942.

Note

  1. ^ Copia archiviata, su world-gazetteer.com. URL consultato il 20 luglio 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 dicembre 2012).
  2. ^ a b c d (EN) Evariste Lévi-Provençal, Al Madīya, in Martijn Theodoor Houtsma (a cura di), E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913 – 1936, vol. 5, 1987, p. 122, ISBN 978-90-04-08494-0.
  3. ^ City walls: the urban enceinte in global perspective James D. Tracy p.352
  4. ^ a b (ES) Sánchez, Juan L., Copia archiviata, su tercios.org. URL consultato il 29 maggio 2014 (archiviato dall'url originale il 23 settembre 2008).
  5. ^ a b c The Cambridge history of Islam by P. M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis p.247
  6. ^ Britain and Morocco during the embassy of John Drummond Hay, 1845-1886 by Khalid Ben Srhir, p.14
  7. ^ El Cristo de Medinaceli: Jesús esclavo, in ABC, Madrid, Spain, 7 marzo 1958 (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 maggio 2014).
  8. ^ قصبة المهدية. Museum with no Frontiers. Retrieved January 27, 2018.

Altri progetti

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