Ammodytidae

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Ammodytidae
Ammodytes dubius
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukarya
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumDeuterostomia
PhylumChordata
SubphylumVertebrata
InfraphylumGnathostomata
SuperclasseOsteichthyes
ClasseActinopterygii
SottoclasseTeleostei
SuperordineAcanthopterygii
OrdinePerciformes
FamigliaAmmodytidae

Gli Ammoditidi (Ammodytidae) sono una famiglia di pesci ossei marini dell'ordine Perciformes.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questi pesci sono diffusi nei mari freddi di entrambi gli emisferi, solo poche specie si incontrano nei mari temperati caldi ed alcune addirittura alle Hawaii. Sono comunissimi con molte specie lungo le coste europee dell'Oceano Atlantico ma nel mar Mediterraneo è presente solo l'endemico Gymnammodytes cicerelus o cicerello.
Sono tipici dei fondi sabbiosi di solito a basse o bassissime profondità.

Descrizione

Sono pesci molto caratteristici per il corpo molto allungato e compresso lateralmente, con testa piccola, appuntita e la mandibola più lunga della mascella, terminante con una punta acuta. La bocca è estensibile a tubo. La pinna dorsale, unica, è molto lunga, la pinna anale è lunga più o meno la metà. La pinna caudale è biloba. Le pinne pettorali sono piccole e impiantate in basso, le pinne ventrali sono minuscole e spesso mancano del tutto. Mancano i raggi spinosi in tutte le pinne. Le scaglie sono molto piccole o assenti.
Sono pesci dalle tinte smorte e mimetiche, grigio sabbia o verdastro, con ventre bianco madreperlaceo e, talvolta, una fascia argentata iridescente sui fianchi.
La taglia è modesta e supera raramente i 20 cm.

Alimentazione

Sono carnivori e catturano invertebrati bentonici nella sabbia.

Riproduzione

Le uova sono deposte sul fondale marino.

Comportamento

Ammodytes hexapterus spunta dal fondale

Sono gregari. Passano molto tempo infossati nel sedimento.

Predatori

Vengono catturati in gran numero dagli uccelli marini e dai pesci predatori, alcuni dei quali (come Pleuronectes platessa) di notevole importanza per la pesca. La loro rilevanza nelle catene alimentari dei mari settentrionali è grandissima.

Pesca

Vengono catturati soprattutto con gli sciabichelli, particolari reti a strascico recuperate da terra. Hanno carni molto buone ma ciò nonostante hanno valore più come esche che come cibo. Fa eccezione il cicerello mediterraneo che ha un certo mercato soprattutto nel sud Italia; viene consumato fritto.

Generi e specie

La famiglia presenta 23 specie divise in 7 generi:

Bibliografia

  • Louisy P., Trainito E. (a cura di), Guida all'identificazione dei pesci marini d'Europa e del Mediterraneo. Milano, Il Castello, 2006. ISBN 88-8039-472-X
  • Tortonese E. Osteichthyes, Calderini, 1975
  • Costa F. Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani, Mursia, 1991 ISBN 88-425-1003-3
  • Lythgoe J. e G, Il libro completo dei pesci dei mari europei, Mursia, 1971

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Pesci: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di pesci

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