2,2-dibromo-2-cianoacetammide

2,2-Dibromo-2-cianoacetammide
Abbreviazioni
DBNPA
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC3H2Br2N2O
Peso formula (u)241,87 g/mol
Numero CAS10222-01-2
Numero EINECS233-539-7
PubChem25059
SMILES
C(#N)C(C(=O)N)(Br)Br
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Costante di dissociazione acida (pKa) a {{{Ka_temperatura}}} K8,3 + 0,3
Solubilità in acqua10,8 g/l (pH 5) a 10°C, 14,4 g/l (pH 5) a 20°C, 20,2 g/l (pH 5) a 30°C, 11,5 g/l (pH 7) a 10°C, 14,1 g/l (pH 7) a 20°C, 18,6 g/l (pH 7) a 30°C, 19,9 g/l (pH 9) a 20°C
Coefficiente di ripartizione 1-ottanolo/acqua0.8 (pH 5), 0.8 (pH 7), 0.82 (pH 9) a 20 – 21°C
Temperatura di fusione122 - 125 °C
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Simboli di rischio chimico
Corrosivo Irritante

Il 2,2-dibromo-2-cianoacetammide (DBNPA) è un disinfettante e battericida utilizzato per la pulizia delle superfici che vengono a contatto con gli alimenti e i mangimi per animali, in particolare le navi e i macchinari.[1]

Caratteristiche strutturali e fisiche

L'International Chemical Identifier del composto è: InChl=1S/C3H2Br2N2O/c4-3(5,1-6)2(7)8/h(H2,7,8)

La sua massa monoisotopica è pari a 239,85339 g/mol. L'area superficiale accessibile risulta pari a 66,9 Ų e l'heavy atom count è pari a 8. Il composto è neutro e il numero di unità legate mediante legame covalente è uno.

Il composto presenta un donatore e due accettori di legami a idrogeno. Presenta un singolo legame attorno al quale la molecola può ruotare.

Si presenta come solido idrofilo biancastro o liquido da incolore a giallastro con un odore pungente.

Si decompone a 190 °C producendo fumi tossici contenenti Br(-) e ossidi di azoto.[2]

La costante della legge di Henry per il composto è pari a 2,04 x 10−5 Pa m3 mol−1 ad una temperatura di 20 °C e pH 7.[1]

La sua tensione superficiale è pari a 72,2 ± 0.6 mN ∙ m−1 a 25,0 ± 0,5 °C.[3]

Sintesi del composto

Il composto viene sintetizzato mediante alogenazione catalizzata da acidi della cianoacetammide.[2]

Reattività e caratteristiche chimiche

La pressione di vapore è pari a 9*10−4 mmHg a 25 °C e il pH a 25 °C in soluzione acquosa è 6,61. La sua costante di dissociazione a 21 °C è pari a 2,375.

La sua solubilità è pari a:

Il composto risulta stabile in condizioni normali, ma la sua decomposizione è accelerata da luce e calore. Il composto risulta corrosivo per l'acciaio dolce, il ferro e l'alluminio.[2]

Il composto reagisce violentemente con agenti ossidanti forti.[4]

Tossicologia

Il composto:[2][4][5]

Tossicocinetica

Studi effettuati sui ratti non evidenziano bioaccumulazione. Dopo la somministrazione orale, il composto viene rapidamente ed efficacemente assorbito ed eliminato. La maggior parte viene eliminato dopo un giorno (>85%) principalmente attraverso le urine. Il composto è pertanto considerato quasi completamente biodisponibile. Si ritiene che sia equamente distribuito attraverso la circolazione sanguigna a tutti gli organi e i tessuti.[1][3]

Genotossicità

Non vi sono evidenze che il composto sia potenzialmente mutageno.[3]

Cancerogenicità

Il composto non risulta carcinogeno.[3]

Applicazioni

Viene utilizzato come:[2]

Impatto ambientale

Se rilasciato nell'ambiente viene degradato immediatamente seguendo due principali vie metaboliche basate sulle proprietà chimiche del composto:[1]

  • reazione nucleofila (qualora la sostanza entri in contatto con nucleofili, con materiale organico o sia esposta alla luce)

In caso di degradazione abiotica l'emivita si attesta a 578 ore (50 °C e pH 4), 65 ore (25 °C e pH 7) e 5,2 ore (13 °C e pH 9). In ambiente acquatico il composto non risulta soggetto a fotodegradazione, ma vi sono indicazioni che sia soggetto a fotolisi indiretta. Se sottoposto al contatto con l'aria l'emivita si attesta a 8,022 giorni mentre l'emivita nel suolo è pari a 4 - 25 ore (degradazione primaria) con pH 4.8 - 7.5 e a temperatura ambiente.

I valori PNEC del composto sono:[1]

  • ambiente acquatico: 6 µg DBNPA/l
  • STP: 46 µg DBNPA/l
  • suolo: 50,46 µg/kg (peso del suolo umido)

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e (EN) ECHA, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) - Assessment report - Summary of the Active Substance, agosto 2019. URL consultato il 20 aprile 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e (EN) PubChem, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, su pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d ECHA, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) - Assessment report, Ottobre 2023. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2024.
  4. ^ a b Merck Life Science S.r.l., 2,2-Dibromo-2-cianoacetammide - Scheda dati di sicurezza, 28 giugno 2023. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2024.
  5. ^ Substance Information - ECHA, su echa.europa.eu. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2024.

Bibliografia

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