14 Herculis

14 Herculis
14 Herculis
ClassificazioneNana arancione
Classe spettraleK0 V
Distanza dal Sole58 anni luce
CostellazioneErcole
Coordinate
(all'epoca J2000)
Ascensione retta16h 10m 23,59s
Declinazione+43° 49′ 18,2″
Parametri orbitali
Sistema planetariosì (b e c)
Dati fisici
Diametro medio1459500 km
Raggio medio0,97[1] R
Massa
0,98[1] M
Periodo di rotazione29,5 giorni
Temperatura
superficiale
  • 5310±30 K[1] (media)
Luminosità
0,67 L
Indice di colore (B-V)0,88
Metallicità270% rispetto al Sole[2]
Età stimata4,6+3,8
−1,3
×109 anni
[1]
Dati osservativi
Magnitudine app.+6,67
Magnitudine ass.+5,38
Parallasse55,866 ± 0,029 mas
Moto proprioAR: 131,745 mas/anno
Dec: -297,025 mas/anno
Velocità radiale-5,5 km/s
Nomenclature alternative
HD 145675, HIP 79248, Gliese 614

14 Herculis è una stella nana arancione posta a circa 58 anni luce dalla Terra nella costellazione di Ercole. Conosciuta anche come Gliese 614, risulta invisibile ad occhio nudo poiché la sua magnitudine apparente è di +6,67. Sono noti due pianeti extrasolari in orbita attorno a essa, del tipo supergioviano e con orbite relativamente larghe e periodi che vanno da 5 per il pianeta più interno ai 143 anni del più esterno.

Caratteristiche

La stella è una nana arancione di tipo spettrale K0 V, con una temperatura superficiale di circa 5300 K. La sua massa e il suo raggio sono di poco minori a quelli del Sole, tuttavia la sua peculiarità è l'abbondanza di metalli, detta metallicità, quasi tre volte superiore a quella della nostra stella. I metalli aumentano l'opacità degli strati esterni di una stella, assorbendo parte della radiazione sprigionata dal suo interno,[3] ne consegue che 14 Herculis, nonostante sia massiccia quasi quanto il Sole, abbia una minore temperatura superficiale e il suo colore tende all'arancione, così come più bassa è la sua luminosità, solo il 67% di quella solare.[1]

Sistema planetario

Nel 1998 fu scoperto in orbita alla stella un pianeta extrasolare, denominato 14 Herculis b[4]. Il pianeta possiede un'orbita molto eccentrica ed impiega circa 4,8 anni per completarla[5].

Nel 2006 si è ipotizzata la presenza di un secondo pianeta, che ricevette il nome di 14 Herculis c[6]. Nei primi studi i parametri del pianeta suggerivano una risonanza di 4:1 dal pianeta vicino, con un periodo orbitale di almeno 19 anni ed una distanza di 6,9 UA dalla stella.[5] Studi successivi hanno definitivamente confermato la sua esistenza e hanno vincolato entro un minimo margine d'errore la massa del pianeta c, che risulta essere circa 7 volte quella di Giove, mentre la sua distanza dalla stella risulta superiore a quella indicata in precedenza, seppur con un grande margine d'errore, mentre l'eccentricità orbitale risulta superiore a quella del pianeta più interno (e=0,63).

Prospetto del sistema planetario

Segue un prospetto con le principali caratteristiche del sistema.[7]

PianetaTipoMassaPeriodo orb.Sem. maggioreEccentricitàIncl. orbitaScoperta
bGigante gassoso8,5+1
−0,8
 MJ
4,8427 anni2,82 UA0,37235,7±3,2°1998
cGigante gassoso7,1+1
−0,6
 MJ
143±6 anni27+16
−7,9
UA
0,6382±14°2006

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi et al., 14 Her: a likely case of planet-planet scattering (PDF), novembre 2021.
  2. ^ Planet 14 Her b, su The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia.
  3. ^ Di che cosa è fatto il Sole e quando morirà?, su lescienze.it, Le Scienze, 10 luglio 2018.
  4. ^ Mayor, M. et al., Searching for giant planets at the Haute-Provence Observatory, in IAU Colloqu. 170; Precise Stellar Radial Velocities (ed. Hearnshaw, J. B. and Scarfe, C. D.), 21 ottobre 1998.
  5. ^ a b Wittenmyer, R. A., Endl, M., Cochran, W. D., Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 Ursae Majoris and 14 Herculis, in The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 654, n. 1, 2007, pp. 625-632.
  6. ^ Goździewski, K., Konacki, M., Maciejewski, A. J., Orbital Configurations and Dynamical Stability of Multiplanet Systems around Sun-like Stars HD 202206, 14 Herculis, HD 37124, and HD 108874, in The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 645, n. 1, 2006, pp. 688-703.
  7. ^ G. F. Benedict et al., The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry (PDF), 19 maggio 2023.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • HD 145675, su SIMBAD. URL consultato il 14 aprile 2006.
  • 14 Herculis, su Solstation. URL consultato il 20 giugno 2007.
  • Planet 14 Her b, su The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia.
  • New Worlds Atlas, su planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov, JPL/California Institute of Technology. URL consultato il 14 aprile 2006 (archiviato dall'url originale il 12 giugno 2008).
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