Stórfurstadæmið Finnland

Skjaldarmerki Finnlands á rússneska keisaraerninum

Stórfurstadæmið Finnland (finnska: Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta, sænska: Storfurstendömet Finland, latína: Magnus Ducatus Finlandiæ, rússneska: Великое княжество Финляндское) var sjálfstætt ríki innan Rússneska keisaradæmisins frá 1809 til 1917. Stórfurstatitillinn var einn af titlum Rússakeisara en stórfurstadæmið naut mikils sjálfræðis, fékk endurreist stéttaþing og gerði finnsku að ríkismáli. Áður hafði Finnland verið hluti af Svíþjóð en einn af titlum Svíakonunga var stórhertogi af Finnlandi. Rússar unnu Finnland af Svíum í Finnlandsstríðinu 1809. Í upphafi 20. aldar reyndi Nikulás 2. að innlima Finnland í Rússaveldi, gera rússnesku rétttrúnaðarkirkjuna að ríkiskirkju, rússnesku að opinberu tungumáli og fella finnska herinn inn í rússneska herinn. Mikil andstaða var við þessar fyrirætlanir í Finnlandi og eftir að Nikulás sagði af sér í mars 1917 (í Októberbyltingunni) lýstu Finnar yfir sjálfstæði. Skömmu síðar hófst borgarastyrjöld. Sovétmenn reyndu að leggja landið aftur undir sig í Vetrarstríðinu 1939-1940.

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