Loftnet

Útvarpsloftnet

Loftnet er tæki sem breytir rafmagni í útvarpsbylgjur og öfugt. Þau eru oftast notuð ásamt senditæki og viðtæki. Við útsendingu gefur senditæki frá sér rafstraum sem sveiflast á útvarpstíðni sem er þá sendur áfram til skauta loftnetsins. Loftnetið gefur frá sér orkuna úr rafstraumnum sem útvarpsbylgjur. Við viðtöku fangar loftnetið orku útvarpsbylgja sem skapar smá spennu í skautunum, sem er þá send til viðtækis sem magnar þessa spennu.

Loftnet eru nauðsynleg í öllum útvarpstækum. Þau eru notuð við útvarpssendingu, sjónvarpsútsendingu, ratsjá, farasímanet og þráðlaus staðarnet. Fyrsta loftnetið var fundið upp árið 1888 af þýska eðlisfræðingnum Heinrich Hertz. Hann var að gera tilraunir til að sanna að útvarpsbylgjur væru til, eins og skoski eðlisfræðingurinn James Clerk Maxwell lagði fram. Hann skrifaði um uppgötvanir sínar í Annalen der Physik und Chemie (v. 36, 1889).

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