Grasker

Nokkur stór grasker
Sneið af graskersböku
Graskerfræ (þroskað)
Blóm graskers.

Grasker er ávöxtur af ættkvíslinni Cucurbita og graskersætt af tegundunum Cucurbita pepo eða Cucurbita mixta. Grasker hafa vanalega þykkt appelsínugult eða gult hýði og eru ræktuð til matar og til skrauts og skemmtunar. Bökur úr graskerjum er hefðbundinn hluti af hinni bandarísku þakkargjörðarhátíð og útskorin grasker eru algengt skraut á hrekkjavöku.

Elstu menjar um graskersfræ fundust í Mexíkó og eru frá 7000 og 5500 fyrir Krist. Grasker vega um 450 kg en eru oft 4-8 kg. Grasker eru tvíkynja og eru kven- og karlblóm á sömu jurt.

Grasker eru ræktuð víða bæði sem skepnufóður og til skrauts og sölu. Ræktun þeirra hefst í byrjun júlí og þarf jarðvegshiti þá á þriggja þumlunga dýpi (7.72 sm) að vera minnst 15.5°C og jarðvegur þarf að vera rakadrægur. Grasker eru harðgerðar jurtir en uppskera getur þó brugðist vegna þurrka eða kulda eða vegna sandjarðvegs sem heldur illa raka. Stærstu grasker eru af tegundinni Cucurbita maxima. Skelin, fræ, lauf og blóm graskers eru æt.

Dós með graskerastöppu.

Þegar grasker hefur þroskast er hægt að sjóða, baka eða rista það. Fræin eru oft ristuð. Í Mið-Austurlöndum er grasker notað í sæta rétti, í sælgæti sem kallað er halawa yaqtin. Í Suður-Asíulöndum eins og Indlandi er grasker soðið með smjöri, sykri og kryddi í rétt sem kallast kadu ka halwa. Í Guangxi héraðinu í Kína eru laufblöð graskers soðin eins og grænmeti og notuð í súpur. Í Ástralíu og Nýja-Sjálandi er grasker oft ristað með öðru grænmeti. Graskersfræ eru oft notuð í staðinn fyrir sólblómafræ. Grasker má nota til að bragðbæta drykki. Graskersfræ eru talin holl. Niðursoðin grasker eru gefin köttum og hundum til að bæta meltingu.

Útskorin grasker á hrekkjavöku

Algengt er að skera út mynstur í grasker fyrir hrekkjavöku í Norður-Ameríku og nota þau sem luktir. Útskorin grasker voru fyrst tákn um uppskerutímann en urðu síðan tengd hrekkjavöku.

Keppt um stærsta graskerið

Ræktendur graskerja keppa oft um stærsta og þyngsta graskerið og haldnar eru hátíðir í kringum slík keppni. Grasker eru þekkt minni í ævintýrum og þjóðsögum, þau er oft tengt nornum í kringum hrekkjavöku. Í sögunni af Öskubusku breytir álfkona graskeri í vagn en á miðnætti verður hann aftur að graskeri.

Tenglar

Wikimedia Commons er með margmiðlunarefni sem tengist graskerjum.

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