Antonio Negri

Antonio Negri, kallaður Toni Negri (1. ágúst 1933 – 16. desember 2023) var ítalskur stjórnmálaheimspekingur sem var fyrst áberandi sem hugmyndafræðingur róttækra hópa vinstrimanna á 7. og 8. áratugnum, einkum á því tímabili sem er kallað „blýárin“ í sögu Ítalíu. Á síðari árum var hann einkum þekktur sem höfundur nýrrar útfærslu á gagnrýni marxismans á hugmyndafræði kapítalismans sem hann setur meðal annars fram í bókinni Empire (2000) sem hann samdi ásamt Michael Hardt. Bókin hafði stefnumótandi áhrif á andhnattvæðingarhreyfinguna.

Ferill

Negri var virkur í ítalska sósíalistaflokknum frá unga aldri og átti síðan þátt í stofnun baráttuhópsins Potere Operaio 1968. Sá hópur leystist upp 1973 og hluti af félögunum gekk í hryðjuverkasamtökin Rauðu herdeildirnar sem rændu Aldo Moro árið 1978 en annar hluti stofnaði hreyfinguna Autonomia Operaia sem var hluti af óháðu hreyfingunni í Evrópu. Negri var í þeim hópi sem stofnaði Autonomia en hann var engu að síður handtekinn ásamt hundruðum annarra í kjölfar rannsóknarinnar á ráninu á Moro og ákærður fyrir ýmsar sakir, meðal annars að hafa skipulagt ránið sjálft. Allar þessar kærur voru felldar niður vegna skorts á sönnunargögnum og engin bein tengsl fundust milli Negri og Rauðu herdeildanna. Engu að síður var hann dæmdur fyrir „vopnaða uppreisn gegn ríkinu“ (insurrezione armata contro i poteri dello stato) og „stofnun niðurrifssamtaka“ (associazione sovversiva). Hann var dæmdur 1984 í 30 ára fangelsi sem síðar var minnkað í 17 ár. Árið áður hafði hann hins vegar flúið til Frakklands þar sem hann fékk kennarastöðu við hinn róttæka Vincennes-háskóla í Saint-Denis í París.

Negri dvaldi í útlegð í Frakklandi næstu fjórtán árin og naut þar verndar Mitterrand-kennisetningarinnar sem fól í sér að Frakkar neituðu ítölskum stjórnvöldum kerfisbundið um framsal sakamanna sem dæmdir höfðu verið fyrir glæpi tengda stjórnmálastarfsemi frá árinu 1985. Hann kenndi við háskólann þar sem hann kynntist meðal annars póststrúktúralísku kenningasmiðunum Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault og Gilles Deleuze.

1997 sneri hann loks aftur til Ítalíu til að ljúka refsingu sinni. Hann var látinn sitja hana af sér í stofufangelsi sem hann losnaði úr árið 2003.

2005 olli sú yfirlýsing hans að hann væri fylgjandi stjórnarskrá Evrópu miklum deilum meðal stuðningsmanna hans sem ásökuðu hann um að hafa snúist frá róttækni til frjálslyndisstefnu. Hann átti þátt í þeim breytingum sem Hugo Chávez gerði á stjórnarskrá Venesúela og var viðstaddur í þingi Venesúela þegar Chávez kynnti breytingarnar 15. ágúst 2007.

Tenglar

Lífpólitísk framleiðsla, Hugur, 1. tölublað (01.01.2004), Blaðsíða 150

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