Litoautotrof

Litoautotrof adalah mikrob yang berasal dari senyawa penurunan asal mineral. Makhluk ini juga dapat disebut sebagai chemolithoautotrophs dari jenis lithotrophs, mencerminkan jalur autotrophic mereka yang metabolik. Mikrob ini tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk memanfaatkan sumber energi mineral. Untuk bakteri lithoautotrophic, hanya molekul anorganik yang bisa digunakan sebagai sumber energi. Kebanyakan lithoautotrophs termasuk dalam kategori domain bakteri. Istilah "Lithotroph" diperoleh dari kata "lithos", yaitu istilah (batu) dan "troph" (konsumen), secara harfiah bisa diartikan sebagai makhluk "pemakan batu". Kebanyakan lithoautotrophs extremophiles memang memiliki kemampuan demikian, meskipun tidak secara keseluruhan.

Proses geologi

Litoautotrof berperan dalam berbagai proses geologis, seperti pelapukan batuan induk (batuan dasar) untuk membentuk tanah serta pembentukan biogeokimia sulfur, kalium dan elemen-elemen lain. Mikrob ini mungkin berada di bawah permukaan tanah yang cukup dalam (ilmuwan telah menemukannya di kedalaman lebih dari 3 km di bawah permukaan tanah dan di komunitas endolit). Mikrob ini juga bertanggung jawab atas pembentukan banyak nutrisi penting dan berpartisipasi dalam pembentukan tanah, lithoautotrophs memainkan peranan penting dalam pemeliharaan kehidupan di bumi.

Referensi


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