Ekstrasistol

Kontraksi ventrikel prematur ditunjuk oleh panah

Ekstrasistol adalah denyut jantung prematur sebelum denyut jantung kembali normal.[1] Ekstrasistol terjadi karena kerja dari fokus ektopik, yaitu sel yang berfungsi memberhentikan denyut dari seluruh bagian jantung kecuali sinoatrial node.[1] Seseorang biasanya hanya akan dapat merasakan denyut setelah ekstrasistol karena kontraksi jantung meningkat.[2] Ekstrasistol terbagi menjadi tiga jenis, antara lain ekstrasistol atrial, ekstrasistol nodal, dan ekstrasistol ventrikular.[1][3]

Jenis

Ekstrasistol atrial

Ekstrasistol jenis ini merupakan ekstrasistol yang terjadi karena stimulasi kontraksi prematur berasal dari bagian otot atrium jantung.[1] Saat ekstrasistol atrial terjadi, gelombang P akan muncul secara tiba-tiba setelah gelombang T dalam elektrokardiogram.[1] Ekstrasistol atrial dapat terbagi lagi menjadi beberapa jenis, yaitu ekstrasistol atrial monotopik dan politopik, serta ekstrasistol atrial mengalir dan terhambat.[3]

Ekstrasistol nodal

Ekstrasistol nodal terjadi saat stimulasi berasal dari atrioventrikular node, yaitu bagian antara atrium dan ventrikel jantung.[1][4]

Ekstrasistol ventrikular

Ekstrasistol ventrikular terjadi karena stimulasi kontraksi prematur berasal dari bagian otot ventrikel jantung.[1] Saat ekstrasistol ventrikular terjadi, ada tambahan kompleks QRS tang mengikuti gelombang T.[1]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Sembulingam, K.; Sembulingam, Prema . 2012 . Essentials of Medical Physiology. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. . ISBN 978-93-5025-936-8
  2. ^ Davey, Patrick . 2006 . At a Glance Medicine . Jakarta: Erlangga . ISBN 979-741-994-0
  3. ^ a b Sarker, H. N. . 2014 . An Aid to Electrocardiogram . New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. . ISBN 978-93-5152-069-6
  4. ^ "Atrioventricular (AV) Node". Cardiothoracic Surgery: University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-09. Diakses tanggal 2014-06-21. 

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