Lexikai szó

A lexikai szó olyan nyelvi alakzat, melynek jelentése nem vezethető le alkotóelemeinek jelentéséből (azaz nem kompozicionális). A szerkezetileg tovább nem bontható elemek mind lexikai szavak. (Ez a meghatározás azt is lehetővé teszi, hogy akár affixumokat is lexikai szavaknak tekintsünk, ám ez nem szokás.)

Bármilyen szerkezetű összetett nyelvi elem egyaránt lehet kompozicionális vagy nem kompozicionális (időnként a homonim szerkezetek is):

  • összetett szó:
vasrúd 'vasból készült rúd' – kompozicionális, nem lexikai szó;
vasút 'közlekedési eszközrendszer' – nem kompozicionális, lexikai szó
  • képzett szó:
franciázik 'franciát tanul' – kompozicionális (vö. angolozik, németezik stb.), nem lexikai szó
franciázik 'orális szexszel van elfoglalva' – nem kompozicionális, lexikai szó
  • jelzős szerkezet:
meleg hely 'ahol magas a hőmérséklet' – kompozicionális, nem lexikai szó
meleg helyzet 'veszélyes szituáció' – nem kompozicionális, lexikai szó
  • egész mondat:
Veri a szomszéd a feleségét – kompozicionális, nem lexikai szó
Veri az ördög a feleségét 'esik az eső és süt a nap' – nem kompozicionális, lexikai szó

Lásd még

Irodalom

  • É. Kiss Katalin – Kiefer Ferenc – Siptár Péter: Új magyar nyelvtan. Osiris, Budapest, 1998. 189.
  • Strukturális magyar nyelvtan 3. Morfológia Szerk. Kiefer Ferenc. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2000. 78.

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