Haplorrhini

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Haplorrhini
Cercopiteco con cucciolo
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
RamoBilateria
SuperphylumDeuterostomia
PhylumChordata
SubphylumVertebrata
InfraphylumGnathostomata
SuperclasseTetrapoda
ClasseMammalia
SottoclasseTheria
InfraclasseEutheria
SuperordineEuarchontoglires
(clade)Euarchonta
OrdinePrimates
SottordineHaplorrhini
Infraordini

Gli aplorrini (Haplorrhini) sono uno dei due sottordini dei primati. Il nome deriva dal greco ἁπλόος (haplóos), "semplice", e ῥίς (rhís), "naso" in riferimento al naso non ricurvo, principale caratteristica che li distingue dal sottordine degli strepsirrini.

Caratteristiche

Gli aplorrini sono considerati un gruppo evolutivamente più recente degli strepsirrini ("dal naso ricurvo"), ossia lemuri, lori e galagidi, rispetto ai quali hanno perso la capacità di creare autonomamente la vitamina C e il labbro superiore non è fuso col naso, il che consente di assumere numerose espressioni facciali. Hanno inoltre un rapporto peso del cervello/massa corporea maggiore degli strepsirrini e per muoversi e rapportarsi utilizzano principalmente la vista. La visione è tricromatica e, fatta eccezione per i tarsi e le scimmie notturne, hanno abitudini diurne.

L'utero ha una sola camera, ad eccezione dei tarsi nei quali è bicornato come negli strepsirrini. Le femmine partoriscono solitamente un unico cucciolo per parto (anche se nei callitricidi sono frequentissimi i parti gemellari e trigemini): alla nascita i cuccioli sono in rapporto più grandi di quelli degli strepsirrini, tuttavia deve passare più tempo prima che il cucciolo diventi indipendente.

Evoluzione

Gli aplorrini si separarono dagli strepsirrini a partire dai 63 milioni di anni fa. 5 milioni di anni dopo i simiiformes si separarono dai primi aplorrini e cominciarono a seguire una propria strada evolutiva. 40 milioni di anni fa le platirrine (scimmie del Nuovo Mondo) si separarono dalle catarrine (scimmie del Vecchio Mondo); dalle catarrine 25 milioni di anni fa si separarono i futuri ominidi. È stata per lungo tempo opinione comune che questa divisione sia avvenuta in Africa: i successivi ritrovamenti di grandi scimmie antropomorfe (Bugtipithecus inexpectans, Phileosimias kamali, Phileosimias brahuiorum) in Pakistan ha messo in discussione questa teoria.

Tassonomia

A questo sottordine appartengono i tarsi (precedentemente classificati come proscimmie), le scimmie vere e proprie (scimmie del Nuovo e Vecchio Mondo).

Bibliografia

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Mammiferi: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di mammiferi

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