Cat (פקודה)

cat היא תוכנית יוניקס סטנדרטית אשר מדפיסה את תוכנו של קובץ ומשמשת לשרשור קבצים. שמה של התוכנית מגיע מן המילה האנגלית Concatenate, שמשמעותה שרשור.

שימוש

תקן POSIX מגדיר את שהתוכנית צריכה לקבל רשימת קבצים כארגומנטים, ולהדפיס את תוכנם בסדר המתאים, ולתמוך בדגל אחד (-u).[1] אם אחד הקבצים מופיע כמקף בודד (-), התוכנית תקרא מהקלט הסטנדרטי ותדפיס אותו במקום המתאים. אם התוכנית אינה מקבלת כלל ארגומנטים, היא תדפיס את הקלט הסטנדרטי בלבד.

תחביר הפקודה הוא כדלקמן: 

cat [option] [file]...

דוגמה

דוגמה פשוטה לשימוש ב-cat היא חיבור 2 קבצים לקובץ אחד: 

cat file1 file2 > file3

ניתן לשלב ערכים נוספים:

  • cat -s: מצמצם שורות רווח ריקות לשורה אחת בלבד.
  • cat -n: מוסיף מספר שורה.
  • cat -b: מוסיף מספר שורה לשורות לא ריקות.

ביקורת

שימוש נפוץ ב-cat הוא להדפסת קובץ יחיד, על מנת להשתמש בו כקלט של תוכנית אחרת. צורת שימוש זו מיותרת כיוון שהמעטפת יכולה לעשות פעולה זו בעצמה, ולא זקוקה לתוכנה חיצוניות אשר מייצרת תהליך נוסף.[2] לפיכך, במקום לכתוב כך: 

cat filename | command arg1 arg2

ניתן לכתוב כך: 

<filename command arg1 arg2
command arg1 arg2 < filename

קישורים חיצוניים

ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא Cat בוויקישיתוף

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ cat - concatenate and print files, סטנדרט posix בpubs.opengroup.org, ‏2018 (באנגלית)
  2. ^ Useless Use of Cat Award


פקודות בסביבת Unix ובמערכות הפעלה דמויות יוניקס
מערכת קבצים

bzip • cat • cd • chmod • chown • chgrp • cksum • cmp • cp • dd • du • df • file • fsck • gzip • ln • ls • mkdir • mount • mv • pwd • rm • rmdir • tar • tee • tree • touch • type • umask • zip

תהליכים

at • chroot • cron • htop • kill • killall • nice • pgrep • pkill • ps • pstree • time • top

סביבת משתמש

dig • env • exit • finger • passwd • su • sudo • uptime • talk • uname • w • wall • who • whoami

עיבוד טקסט

awk • basename • cut • diff • ed • ex • head • less • more • paste • sed • sort • strings • tail • tr • Uniq • vi • vim • wc • xargs

מעטפת

alias • echo • expr • printf • sleep • test • wait

רשת

ifconfig • inetd • ip • netcat • netstat • nload • nmap • nslookup • ping • rlogin • route • ssh • traceroute

חיפוש

find • grep • locate

שונות

man • bc • cal • date • parted • seq

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