משל החוח והארז

משל החוח והארז הוא דבר משל מפי יהואש בן יהואחז מלך ישראל, המשל נאמר כלפי אמציה בן יהואש שלא יצליח במלחמה.

המשל

המשל המופיע בספר מלכים ב' ובדברי הימים ב':

וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהוֹאָשׁ מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל אֲמַצְיָהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה לֵאמֹר: הַחוֹחַ אֲשֶׁר בַּלְּבָנוֹן שָׁלַח אֶל הָאֶרֶז אֲשֶׁר בַּלְּבָנוֹן לֵאמֹר: "תְּנָה אֶת בִּתְּךָ לְבְנִי לְאִשָּׁה", וַתַּעֲבֹר חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה אֲשֶׁר בַּלְּבָנוֹן וַתִּרְמֹס אֶת הַחוֹחַ. הַכֵּה הִכִּיתָ אֶת אֱדוֹם וּנְשָׂאֲךָ לִבֶּךָ, הִכָּבֵד וְשֵׁב בְּבֵיתֶךָ. וְלָמָּה תִתְגָּרֶה בְּרָעָה, וְנָפַלְתָּה אַתָּה וִיהוּדָה עִמָּךְ?![1]

במשל מייצגים הצמחים טיפוסים אנושיים: הם מדברים, חושבים ופועלים. החוח מופיע כסמל השפלות והחולשה, לעומת ארז הלבנון הגבוה והאדיר, המסמל את הגדלות והפאר. החוח דורש את בת הארז, ובכך מציג את עצמו כשווה ערך לארז. אך בפועל החוח כה חלש עד שחיית השדה רומסת אותו מבלי משים - אף בטרם השיב אותו הארז דבר.

הרקע למשל הוא התגרותו של אמציה בן יהואש מלך יהודה בממלכת ישראל. אמציה יצא למלחמה עם האדומים ובתחילה שכר חיילים מממלכת ישראל שיסייעו לו, אך לאחר אזהרת נביא שלא להסתייע בחיילי ישראל שלח אותם אמציה לביתם והם הלכו בכעס. בזמן שאמציה אכן ניצח את האדומים ללא עזרת ישראל כפי שניבא לו הנביא תקפו החיילים הישראלים שאמציה שילח מספר יישובים בממלכת יהודה ובזזו אותם. אמציה, שגאוותו התעוררה לאחר הניצחון על האדומים, כעס על מעשה הישראלים והציע ליואש מלך ישראל להילחם פנים אל פנים במקום לתקוף אותו כשצבאו עסוק במלחמה בארץ השכנה. הנמשל, לפי דברי יהואש: אמנם הצלחת לנחול ניצחון על אדום ולבך נתמלא גאווה – אך עדיף לך להישאר בביתך; אם תצא למלחמה דע כי סופך יהיה כסוף החוח – אתה ועַמך תיפלו.

אמציה לא שעה לקריאתו של יהואש, ונחל תבוסה קשה מידי צבא ישראל: חומות ירושלים נפרצו, בית המקדש נבזז ואוצרותיו נלקחו לשומרון.

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ ספר מלכים ב', פרק י"ד, פסוקים ט-י

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