ג'בל מע'רה

ג'בל מע'רה
אין תמונה חופשית
אין תמונה חופשית
מידע כללי
גובה 735 מטר
מדינה מצריםמצרים מצרים
מיקום צפון סיני, חצי האי סיני
קואורדינטות 30°40′41″N 33°27′02″E / 30.678078°N 33.450623°E / 30.678078; 33.450623
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

ג'בל מע'רה הוא הר בצפון סיני הנמצא מצפון לכביש ניצנה – אסמאעיליה, בקטע שבין ג'בל ליבני ובין ביר גפגפה. ההר הוא חלקה המערבי של מערכת הקימוט בצפון סיני שכיוונה הכללי הוא: דרום מערב – צפון מזרח. בדומה לרכסי מרכז הנגב, בנוי ההר מסלעי גיר ואבן חול. בהר מצוי מכתש הדומה במבנהו למכתשי הנגב. שיאו של ההר מתנשא לגובה 735 מטר. המשקעים היורדים במפנהו הצפון מערבי של ההר מרובים מאלו שבמפנהו הדרום מזרחי ועל-כן, מערכת הנחלים שבמפנהו הצפוני מסועפת יותר מבמפנים האחרים.

בין השנים 1970 ו-1976 נערכו באזור חפירות ארכאולוגיות בראשות עופר בר-יוסף וג'יימס פיליפס ונתגלו בהם ממצאים מתקופת האבן.[1] בביר מע'ארה הנמצאת במכתש, נתגלו שרידי תחנה-מצודה עתיקה[2] ויש הסוברים כי הדבר מעיד על קיום דרך נבטית מאדום אל פלוסיון שעברה באזור.[3]

מנשה הראל מזהה את ג'בל מע'רה עם האתר המקראי חצר-אדר.[4]

באזור נתגלו מספר מחצבים. הבולט שבהם הוא הפחם שנתגלה בשכבת היורה. רזרבות הפחם במקום נאמדו ב-50 מיליון טון. ב-1964 הקימה מצרים במקום מכרה משוכלל שתפוקתו יועדה למפעל הפלדה בחילואן. עד כיבוש המקום ב-1967 במלחמת ששת הימים היה קצב ההפקה השנתי 10,000 טון בשנה.[5] בזמן השלטון הישראלי (עד 1980) לא היה המכרה פעיל. לאחר חזרת השלטון המצרי הופעל שוב המכרה ב-1995 אך נסגר שוב וב-2014 התקבלה החלטה להפעילו מחדש.[6]

אדמת בקעת ג'בל מע'רה הנמצאת במכתש ניתנת לשימוש חקלאי ועשירה יחסית במקורות מים הטובים לשתייה ולחקלאות והבדווים במקום מגדלים בה דורה ואבטיחים.

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ Ofer Bar-Yosef & James L. Philips: Prehistoric Investigations in Gebel Maghara, Northern Sinai, QEDEM 7 (1977), [1]
  2. ^ צבי אילן, קסרוית ודרכם של יוצאי מצרים, דבר, 5 ביוני 1973
  3. ^ זאב משל, תולדות דרכי הנגב בעבר, באתר "סנונית", [2]
  4. ^ מנשה הראל, היכן הוא הגבול הדרומי של ארץ ישראל?, דבר, 31 בדצמבר 1971
  5. ^ מנשה הראל, מסעי סיני, עמ' 16, הוצאת עם עובד, 1968
  6. ^ Government approves operation of El Maghara coal mine: official, באתר The Cairo Post", ‏14 במאי 2014

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