Wayback Machine wani kundin dijital ne na World Wide Web da Internet Archive, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Amurka dake a San Francisco, California. An kirkireshi a shekarar 1996 kuma aka kaddamar da shi ga jama'a a shekarar 2001, yana ba masu amfani damar komawa "a baya a lokaci" don ganin yadda shafukan yanar gizo suke a lokacin da suka gabata. Masu kafar, Brewster Kahle da Bruce Gilliat, sun kirkiro Wayback Machine don samar da "ingantaccen shiga ga dukkan ilimi" ta hanyar adana kwafi na shafukan yanar gizo da suka daina aiki.[1]
An kaddamar da Wayback Machine a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1996, kuma a karshen shekarar 2009, an adana shafuka sama da biliyan 38.2. A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2024, Wayback Machine ta adana shafuka sama da biliyan 860 da kuma sama da petabytes 99 na bayanai.[2][3]
Tarihi
Wayback Machine ta fara adana shafukan yanar gizo na cached a shekarar 1996. Daya daga cikin shafukan farko da aka adana an adana shi a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1996, a (UTC).[4]
Masu kafa Internet ArchiveBrewster Kahle da Bruce Gilliat sun kaddamar da Wayback Machine a San Francisco, California,[5] a watan Oktoba 2001,[6][7] musamman don magance matsalar abun ciki na yanar gizo da ke bacewa duk lokacin da aka canza shi ko lokacin da aka rufe shafin yanar gizo.[8] Wannan sabis yana ba masu amfani damar ganin kwafi na shafukan yanar gizo a tsawon lokaci, wanda ajiyar ke kira "index na uku".[9] Kahle da Gilliat sun kirkiro wannan na'ura suna fata za su adana dukkan Intanet da kuma samar da "ingantaccen shiga ga dukkan ilimi".[10] Sunan "Wayback Machine" na nuni ne ga wata na'ura mai tafiya a lokaci da aka nuna a cikin zane-zanen The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends daga shekarun 1960.[11][12][13] A wani bangare na zane-zanen, wanda aka kira "Tarihin Peabody", jaruman Mister Peabody da Sherman suna amfani da "Wayback Machine" don shaida da kuma shiga cikin shahararrun abubuwan tarihi.
Bayani na fasaha
An inganta software na Wayback Machine don "crawling" yanar gizo da kuma sauke dukkan bayanai da bayanan da ke samuwa ga jama'a a shafukan yanar gizo, tsarin Gopher, tsarin bayanai na FTP, da kuma FTP tare da sabis na duniya. Wayback Machine yana aiki tare da fasahar HTTP, yana ba masu amfani damar canja wuri daga yanzu zuwa lokutan da suka gabata.[14] Hakanan yana ba da sabis na abun ciki na gidan yanar gizo tare da bayar da shafin yanar gizo na gidan yanar gizo, tare da ba da izinin maimaitawa daga shafukan yanar gizo da ke aiki a yanzu.[15]
Kaddamar da shi
A cikin Disamba 2021, Wayback Machine ta sanar da cewa ta adana shafukan yanar gizo sama da biliyan 500, tare da ainihin adadin shafukan yanar gizo a kowace shekara daga shekara ta 1996, wanda ya kai shafukan da aka adana sama da biliyan 850 a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2024.[2]
Kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi
Wayback Machine tana da amfani a matsayin kayan aiki ga masu bincike, manazarta, da dalibai, waɗanda ke son samun damar abun ciki na yanar gizo da ba su riga sun yi ba ko kuma wanda aka share ko kuma aka canza. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da dama ga ƙungiyoyi da hukumomi don gano abun ciki na yanar gizo a matsayin shaidar tarihi.[16][1]
