Warda al Turk

Warda al Turk
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Dayr al Qamar (mul) , 1797
ƙasa	Daular Usmaniyya
Mutuwa	Dayr al Qamar (mul) , 1874
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Niqula al-Turk
Karatu
Harsuna	Larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a	maiwaƙe da calligrapher (en)

Warda Nicolas Yusuf Al-Turk (1797 - 1873) mawaki ne na kasar Lebanon wanda aka haife shi kuma ya girma a Gundumar Chouf da ke Dutsen Lebanon, a lokacin mulkin Daular Ottoman . An dauke ta a matsayin "mai farfadowa" a lokacinta, tare da wasu mata masu ban mamaki daga yankin, saboda ta sami damar farfado da tsoffin waƙoƙin gargajiya. Ta hanyar tasirin mahaifinta mai suna Nicolas Al-Turk wanda ya kasance mawaki ne na kotu ga Amir Bashir al-Shihabi II na tarihi, Warda al-Turk ta haɓaka sha'awar rubuce-rubuce kuma ta haka ne ta ba da mafi yawan ayyukanta don karfafa mata.

Ayyukanta a cikin Larabci na gargajiya da na gargajiya yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙarancin gaske, a matsayin mace mawaki na lokacinta, don tsira har zuwa yau. Ta rubuta waƙoƙi da yawa waɗanda mafi yawansu suna da ra'ayi, a wasu kalmomi, waƙoƙin makoki da baƙin ciki.

An haifi Warda Al-Turk a ƙauyen kudu maso gabashin Deir al-Qamar a Lebanon a lokacin mulkin Ottoman . Ita ce 'yar sanannen marubucin Lebanon kuma mawaki Nicolas al-Turk wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci na Amir Bashir Shihab II, da kuma amintaccen masanin tarihi wanda ke rubuta jerin abubuwan da suka faru a Lebanon a cikin karni na 18. ^[1] Turk ta sami tasiri daga mahaifinta kuma ta bi irin wannan aikin, wato waka da rubutu.

Al-Turk an dauke shi wani muhimmin bangare na al'ummar mata masu karatu wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga tasowa na mata a karni na 19. ^[2] Ba wai kawai ta sami damar farfado da harshen Larabci na gargajiya da wallafe-wallafen ba, har ma ta sami damar karfafa mata a Dutsen Lebanon, Gabashin Bahar Rum, Turai, da Amurka ta hanyar rubuce-rubucenta masu ƙarfi. Al-Turk, tare da 'yan uwanta mawaƙa a yankin makwabta, sun sami damar yin wahayi ga ƙarni na gaba na mawaƙa mata da marubuta don magance batutuwan mata da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da matsayinsu a cikin al'umma.^[3]

Warda al-Turk ta yi aure, amma ba a san ainihin mijinta ba. Bugu da kari, Warda ta haifi yara biyu wadanda daga baya suka mutu a karkashin yanayi da ba a sani ba.

Warda Al-Turk ta mutu a kusa da 1873 a garinsu na Deir al-Qamar . Ta shiga warewa da makoki, bayan ta daina rubuta kowane waka bayan mutuwar ƙaunataccen mahaifinta a 1828.

A cikin karni na 19, duniyar Larabawa ta fuskanci "motsi na farkawa", wanda aka sani da al Nahda, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Lebanon, Siriya, da Masar. Wannan motsi ya ba mata damar samun 'yanci; mawaƙa mata, mawaƙa, marubuta, da sarakuna sun fara fitowa. Akwai akalla mata Larabawa 5 masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga wannan motsi, musamman ma majagaba Warda Al-Turk wanda ya shiga ta hanyar rubuta waƙoƙin gargajiya da kuma karfafa mata ta hanyar rubuce-rubucenta.^[4]

Abin takaici, yawancin aikin Warda Al-Turk sun ɓace. Ta rubuta "Mouwashahat" الموشحات da "Zajal" الزجل - nau'ikan jigogi biyu na gargajiya, da kuma "Ghazal" (waƙoƙin soyayya) غزل, "Ritha"" (duhu da makoki) الرثاء, da "Mahed da Tahmi'ah". ^[5] Sha'awarta ga Yarima Bashir Shihab II na Dutsen Lebanon, da kuma Bey na Tunisia, ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukanta, kamar yadda ta yaba musu akai-akai. An kuma san ta da hada da ƙaunar da take yi wa aikin zamantakewa da ayyukan kirki a cikin waƙoƙinta.^[6]

An adana wasu daga cikin ayyukanta ne kawai har zuwa yau saboda kokarin masanin tarihin Lebanon Gerges Bin Safa wanda ya fito daga garinsu Deir al-Qamar. Ɗaya daga cikin ragowar shine wani sashi na dogon "Muwashah", wanda ya biyo bayan waka ta Zajal:

Kodayake yawancin aikin Warda Al-Turk sun ɓace, muhimmiyar rawar da ta taka da kuma tasirin da ta yi a farfado da waƙoƙin Larabci na gargajiya da karfafa mata a karni na 19 har yanzu ana gane su saboda kokarin Warda Al'Yazigi. Lalle ne, al-Yazigi ta keɓe waƙar epistolary a 1867, mai suna bayan ta, "Warda al-Turk", don girmama dangin da ke tsakanin su da kuma girmama aikinta da tasirin ta.^[3] Waƙar ta kasance kamar haka:

A cikin waka, Al-Yazigi ta jaddada zumunci tsakanin su. Da yake raba wannan sunan, al-Yazigi ta kira ga el Turk a farkon waka "Oh Rose na Turks, ni Rose ne na Larabawa". ^[3] A cikin waka, al-Jazigi ta fahimci baiwar Warda el Turk da kuma amfani da harshe mai kyau. An buga waka, tare da tarin wasu rubuce-rubucen mata na Larabci, a cikin "Open the Gates: A Century of Arab Feminist Writing" na Margot Badran da Miriam Cooke. ^[7]

Har ila yau, Ƙungiyar Mata ta Lebanon ta nuna amincewarsu a lokacin Taron su na 1928 game da karfafa mata mawaƙa na ƙarni na 19, wato ayyukan Al-Yazigi, kuma musamman waƙarta da aka keɓe ga Al-Turk.^[3]

• Mawallafa na ƙarni na 19
• Farkawar Larabawa

1. ↑ "سـرديـات: نقولا بن يوسف الترك الإسطمبوليّ وكتابة الموت في القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي!". www.akhbar-alkhaleej.com (in Larabci). Archived from the original on September 20, 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
2. ↑ Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (May 1, 1985). "Arab Women and Literature". Al-Raida. IV: 4.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3} Robinson, Nova (2015). ""Sisters of Men": Syrian and Lebanese Women's Transnational Campaigns for Arab Independence and Women's Rights, 1910-1949". New Brunswick Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey: 110–112. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
4. ↑ Abu Nasr, Julinda (1970-01-01). "Development of Arab Women and the Concept of "self-image"". Al-Raida Journal: 2. doi:10.32380/alrj.v0i0.1240. ISSN 0259-9953.
5. ↑ Beirut University College (May 1, 1985). "Arab Women and Literature". Al Raida. IV.
6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :4
7. ↑ "Opening the Gates: A Century of Arab Feminist Writing (review)". Journal of Women's History. 3 (1): 137–139. 1991. doi:10.1353/jowh.2010.0111. ISSN 1527-2036.