Xulgado

Edificio vello dos xulgados de Vigo.

Un xulgado é un órgano público que ten como misión administrar xustiza. Dentro da Administración de xustiza os xulgados caracterizasen por ser órganos unipersoais, é dicir, neles hai un só xuíz, a diferenza dos tribunais, onde as sentenzas as ditan varios xuíces de xeito colexiado.

Á fronte dun xulgado existe un xuíz que exerce xurisdición nun determinado territorio. Para servir de soporte a actividade xurisdicional cada xulgado conta cunha oficina xudicial na que prestan servizos un secretario xudicial e funcionarios da Administración de xustiza.

Clases de xulgados

Con competencias na orde xurisdicional civil: xulgados de primeira instancia e xulgados do mercantil.

Con competencias na orde xurisdicional penal: xulgados de instrución, xulgados do penal e xulgados de vixilancia penitenciaria.

Con competencias compartidas nas ordes xurisdicional civil e penal: xulgados de primeira instancia e instrución, xulgados de menores e xulgados de violencia contra a muller.

Con competencias na orde xurisdicional contencioso-administrativa: xulgados do contencioso-administrativo.

Con competencias na orde xurisdicional social: xulgados do social.

Demarcación territorial dos xulgados

A circunscrición territorial dos xulgados adoita coincidir ben coa provincia, ben cun partido xudicial, pero hai xulgados que teñen xurisdición sobre varios partidos xudiciais, e tamén os hai que teñen xurisdición sobre varias provinciais.

Os xulgados de primeira instancia, os de instrución, os de primeira instancia e instrución e os de violencia contra a muller teñen xurisdición nun partido xudicial.

Os xulgados de menores e do mercantil teñen xurisdición provincial. Os xulgados do penal, do contencioso-administrativo e do social adoitan ter xurisdición provincial, pero cando hai xulgados desta clase constituídos en cidades que non son capital de provincia entón a circunscrición comprende un ou varios partidos xudiciais.

Os xulgados de vixilancia penitencia teñen unha demarcación moi flexible, incluso autonómica, adaptada a distribución territorial dos centros penitenciarios

Véxase tamén

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