Motor a catro tempos

Ciclo a catro tempos

Un motor a catro tempos ou motor de ciclo a catro tempos é un motor de combustión interna alternativo. Foi definido por Beau de Rochas e implementado con éxito polo enxeñeiro alemán Nikolaus Otto en 1876, e posteriormente por Étienne Lenoir e Rudolf Diesel. O ciclo a catro tempos é mais eficiente e con combustión menos poluente que o ciclo a dous tempos, mais require considerabelmente máis partes móbeis e máis habilidade do construtor e resulta nun motor maior e máis pesado que un motor de dous tempos coa mesma potencia.

Un motor a catro tempos pode funcionar seguindo o ciclo Otto ou de motor con acendido provocado, ou o ciclo Diésel ou de motor con acendido por compresión.

Pasos do ciclo

O ciclo consta dos seguintes pasos:

  1. Admisión: entrada de ar e ou combustíbel pola baixada do pistón. Nesta etapa, tamén chamada de primeiro tempo, a válvula de escape permanece cerrada e a da admisión aberta, e a súa carreira é descendente.
  2. Compresión:
    a válvula de admisión acábase cerrando, e a de escape permanece obturada, polo que o gas contido na cámara comprímese polo ascenso do pistón, polo que neste segundo tempo a súa carreira é ascendente.
  3. Combustión ou explosión: espontánea ou por unha faísca da buxía, o gas, polo aumento de temperatura, alcanza a presión máxima e é onde se obtén o traballo. Neste terceiro tempo as válvulas atópanse fechadas e a carreira é descendente.
  4. Exhaustión ou escape: baleirado do cilindro, saíndo os gases a través da válvula escape, empuxados polo pistón no seu movemento ascendente. Neste tempo, péchase a válvula de escape é ábrese a da admisión, volvendo a empezar o ciclo de novo.

Véxase tamén

Ligazóns externas

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