Forno de microondas

Forno microondas

Un forno de microondas, é un electrodoméstico usado na cociña para quentar alimentos que funciona mediante a xeración de ondas electromagnéticas na frecuencia das microondas, de 2,5 GHz.

En 1946, foi o inventor estadounidense Percy Spencer o que se decatou de que o efecto das microondas podía cociñar os alimentos sen que a calor fose perceptible ó redor. En 1947 a empresa Raytheon comezou a comercializar o modelo chamado Radarange pero as súas grandes dimensións (tiña 1,68 m de altura e pesaba 340 kg) fixeron que a súa difusión fose limitada. Finalmente, en 1953, o artigo distribuíuse para o fogar producido pola Tappan Company ao que seguiu o modelo Hotpoint.

Características

A base científica que explica como opera un forno de microondas é a seguinte: os alimentos conteñen normalmente moléculas de auga, estas teñen a característica dun dipolo eléctrico (parecido a un imán pero estes teñen un dipolo magnético), é dicir, posúen un extremo con carga positiva e un extremo con carga negativa.

O campo electromagnético xerado no forno move literalmente as moléculas de auga orientándoas nunha dirección. Pero apenas as moléculas de auga oriéntanse nunha dirección determinada, o campo magnético invértese, co que todas as moléculas de auga cambian a súa posición (rotan). Estes cambios da orientación do campo electromagnético suceden rapidamente, a razón de 2.500 millóns de veces por segundo, o que produce calor pola axitación molecular (a calor está directamente relacionada coa vibración ou axitación molecular). Xa que logo, o alimento quéntase por excitación das moléculas de auga, que se están movendo, virando sobre si mesmas, a gran velocidade.

Algunhas características:

  • Se un alimento non contén auga, ou outro líquido polar (con moléculas cun extremo positivo e outro negativo), non se quenta. Por iso un prato baleiro non se quenta.
  • Para quentar algo seco, débeselle agregar auga.
  • A calor prodúcese onde hai moléculas polares movéndose, é dicir, pode ser no interior dunha pataca. A calor flúe, como nos fornos convencionais, de fóra cara a dentro do alimento pero a zona exterior é moito maior.
  • Nunca se debe pór algo con líquido selado, como un ovo cru con casca, ou un recipiente de vidro pechado. O efecto é que a auga se quenta ata transformarse en vapor, que se expande, xerando gran presión, podendo chegar a estalar.

Véxase tamén

Ligazóns externas

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