Deserción

O desertor de Octav Băncilă, 1906.

Na terminoloxía militar, a deserción[1][2] é o abandono do seu deber nunha declaración de guerra ou en batalla ou o seu posto asignado no momento que se dea a orde de retirada, asedio, invasión, incursión por parte do inimigo, igualmente durante unha emboscada ou swarming; tamén cando se comete un fragging contra os propios compañeiros de armas ou en ocasións cando hai ocupación militar e parte do inimigo deserta.

O desertor pode ser un militar de calquera rango desde un soldado ata un Xeneral de Exército, o cal é un individuo que forma parte dunhas Forzas Armadas, ostentando un posto xerárquico, (rango ou grao) dentro das mesmas, e que sen o permiso do seu superior en rango abandona a súa designación.

Cando é un recruta, non é un desertor, senón un prófugo. Aplícase o Dereito militar –por exemplo, o Código de Xustiza Militar– ao militar que ocasione deserción, e adoita considerarse un delito, e moi grave en tempos de guerra. Nesa situación esíxeselles presentarse ante un Consello de guerra, Corte marcial ou Tribunal de xustiza, sendo en última instancia obxecto dunha sanción penal, que pode chegar ata a pena de morte.

O desertor ten dereito a un avogado para defenderse ante os tribunais, conforme ao Dereito Internacional, Dereito Internacional Humanitario, particularmente os Convenios de Xenebra, e os tratados sobre Dereitos Humanos. De todos existiron casos en que se indultou, por parte do Poder executivo, aos desertores, sendo así perdoados.

Historia

Nos Estados Unidos, "era o auxe da rivalidade humana" durante a Guerra de Iraq iniciada en 2003, militares das súas Forzas Armadas presentaron obxección de conciencia para integrarse ás tropas en Iraq, pois non están de acordo coa invasión, sendo considerados desertores ou obxectores de conciencia por causas relixiosas. Esta situación foi analizada por Amnistía Internacional.

Notas

  1. ↑ Definicións no Dicionario da Real Academia Galega e no Portal das Palabras para deserción.
  2. ↑ Definición de deserción no Dicionario de Galego de Ir Indo e a Xunta de Galicia.

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