Cromosoma 7

Cromosoma 7 humano
Cromosomas do par 7 humano con bandeado G. En cada individuo un dos cromosomas deste par procede da nai e o outro do pai.
Cromosomas do par 7 nun cariograma humano masculino.
Características
Lonxitude (bp)159,345,973 bp
(GRCh38)[1]
No. de xenes862 (CCDS)[2]
TipoAutosoma
Posición do centrómeroSubmetacéntrico[3]
(60.1 Mbp[4])
Lista completa de xenes
CCDSLista de xenes
HGNCLista de xenes
UniProtLista de xenes
NCBILista de xenes
Visores de mapa externos
EnsemblCromosoma 7
EntrezCromosoma 7
NCBICromosoma 7
UCSCCromosoma 7
Secuencias de ADN completas
RefSeqNC_000007 (FASTA)
GenBankCM000669 (FASTA)

O cromosoma 7 humano pertence a un dos 23 pares de cromosomas dos seres humanos. Posúe máis de 158 millóns de pares de bases (os nucleótidos que constitúen o ADN) e representa entre o 5% e o 5,5% do ADN total da célula. Igual que ocorre cos demais cromosomas (agás o X e Y nos homes), as células haploides teñen un só cromosoma 7 e as diploides dous (un par). Pola posición do seu centrómero considérase un cromosoma submetacéntrico.

A identificación de xenes en cada un dos cromosomas pode conseguirse por medio de diferentes métodos, o que dá lugar a pequenas variacións no número de xenes estimados en cada cromosoma, dependendo do método utilizado. Estímase que o cromosoma 7 contén entre 1000 e 1400 xenes, entre os que se poden salientar os pertencentes ao cluster Homeobox A.

Xenes

Algúns dos xenes máis importantes localizados no cromosoma 7 son:

Enfermidades asociadas

Algunhas das enfermidades asociadas con xenes do cromosoma 7 son:

Trastornos cromosómicos

  • Síndrome de Williams: Prodúcese por deleción (perda) de material xenético no brazo longo do cromosoma 7. A rexión afectada está localizada na posición 11.23 (7q11.23), e denomínase rexión crítica da síndrome de Williams. Esta rexión inclúe máis de 20 xenes, dos cales tan só uns poucos foron identificados e relacionados coa síndrome de Williams, e en todos os demais non se conseguiu establecer esa relación.[5]
  • Existe outra serie de trastornos relacionados co número de cromosomas 7 ou a estrutura deste cromosoma, que poden causar atraso no crecemento e o desenvolvemento, atraso mental, trazos faciais característicos, anomalías do esqueleto, atraso da fala e outros problemas médicos. Esta serie de anomalías poden deberse á aparición dunha copia extra de parte do cromosoma 7 en cada unha das células (trisomía parcial do cromosoma 7) ou pola perda dalgún segmento do cromosoma 7 en cada unha das células (monosomía parcial do cromosoma 7). Nalgúns casos, pódense perder por deleción ou duplicar uns poucos nucleótidos nalgunha rexión do cromosoma 7. Tamén detectou a existencia dunha estrutura denominada cromosoma en anel 7, a cal se produce cando os extremos dun cromosoma roto se ligan entre si.

Notas

  1. "Human Genome Assembly GRCh38 - Genome Reference Consortium". National Center for Biotechnology Information (en inglés). 2013-12-24. Consultado o 2017-03-04. 
  2. "Search results - 1[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens. 2016-09-08. Consultado o 2017-05-28. 
  3. Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-136-84407-2. 
  4. Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapiens (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Última actualización 2014-06-03. Consultado o 2017-04-26.
  5. Genetics Home Reference

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

  • Gilbert F (2002). "Chromosome 7". Genet Test 6 (2): 141–61. PMID 12215256. doi:10.1089/10906570260199429. 
  • Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK (2003). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7". Nature 424 (6945): 157–64. PMID 12853948. doi:10.1038/nature01782. 
  • Lichtenbelt KD, Hochstenbach R, van Dam WM, Eleveld MJ, Poot M, Beemer FA (2005). "Supernumerary ring chromosome 7 mosaicism: case report, investigation of the gene content, and delineation of the phenotype". Am J Med Genet A 132 (1): 93–100. PMID 15580634. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.30408. 
  • Rodriguez L, Lopez F, Paisan L, de la Red Mdel M, Ruiz AM, Blanco M, Antelo Cortizas J, Martinez-Frias ML (2002). "Pure partial trisomy 7q: two new patients and review". Am J Med Genet 113 (2): 218–24. PMID 12407716. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10719. 
  • Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Dohner H, Dohner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology". Science 300 (5620): 767–72. PMID 12690205. doi:10.1126/science.1083423. 
  • Velagaleti GV, Jalal SM, Kukolich MK, Lockhart LH, Tonk VS (2002). "De novo supernumerary ring chromosome 7: first report of a non-mosaic patient and review of the literature". Clin Genet 61 (3): 202–6. PMID 12000362. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.610306.x. 

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