Chuvia de meteoros

Chuvia de meteoros

A chuvia de meteoros, popularmente coñecida como "chuvia de estrelas", é un fenómeno astronómico que se produce cando a Terra atravesa os restos da cola dun cometa (estes restos, mentres se atopan no espazo exterior, chámanse meteoroides), o que permite que durante uns días se poidan ver entrando na atmosfera un gran número de meteoros, que parecen irradiar todos dun punto chamado radiante.

Tipos e características

Calquera meteoro capaz de provocar sombras ten magnitude superior a -4 (refulxir de Venus),e denomínase bólido. Estes bólidos poden sobrevivir a entrada na atmosfera, estoupar (coma en Tunguska), ou chegar ao chan (meteorito). A altura habitual de visión está entre 120 e 80 km.[1]

Calquera noite despexada e con boa visibilidade pódense atopar meteoros no ceo, para diferencialos e importante determinar o radiante, esperar se aparece algún outro na mesma zona, e despois acudir as listas de chuvias de meteoros para saber se estaba identificada. De tal xeito que se non se repite a observación nesa noite e nas sucesivas tan só sería un meteoro illado.

Algunhas estelas de cometas pódense atopar divididas en grandes fragmentos debido ao paso do cometa polo influxo gravitacional de Xúpiter e Saturno, podéndose ver espectaculares chuvias coma as dos restos do cometa Biela do 27 de novembro de 1877.

Principais chuvias de meteoros

Estas son as chuvias anuais máis notables, segundo a constelación situada na posición de entrada dos meteoros (radiante):

Parámetros que caracterizan unha chuvia de meteoros

  • Radiante: é o punto do ceo do cal parecen saír os meteoros dunha chuvia. Mídese mediante as coordenadas Alfa e Delta. Alfa é a ascensión recta e Delta é a declinación.
  • Taxa Horaria Zenital (THZ): é o número máximo de meteoros por hora observables en condicións ideais (un ceo perfectamente claro co radiante da chuvia xusto sobre a cabeza). A taxa horaria, uha vez descartados picos por chuvias de meteoros de intensidade particular, está entre 15 e 20 meteoros/hora.[1]
  • Índice de poboación: relación da distribución de magnitudes (brillo) dunha chuvia de meteoros.

Notas

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 "La cámara de meteoros de la ESA captura las perseidas". www.esa.int (en inglés). Consultado o 2020-08-18. 

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