Cancro de próstata

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O cancro de próstata ou cáncer de próstata é aquel cancro que se desenvolve nun dos órganos glandulares do sistema reprodutor masculino chamado próstata. O cancro prodúcese cando algunhas células prostáticas mutan e comezan a multiplicarse de maneira deconstrolada. Estas tamén poderían propagarse dende a próstata cara a outras partes do corpo, especialmente os ósos e os ganglios linfáticos orixinando metástases.

Esta afección pode causar dor, micción dificultosa ou disfunción eréctil, entre outros síntomas.

O día 15 de setembro celébrase o Día Europeo da Saúde Prostática [1].

Características

A enfermidade desenvólvese máis frecuentemente en individuos maiores de 50 anos. É o segundo tipo de cancro máis común en homes. Con todo, moitos que desenvolven o cancro de próstata nunca teñen síntomas, nin son sometidos a terapia. Diversos factores, incluíndo a xenética e a dieta, foron implicados no seu desenvolvemento, pero até o 2005, as modalidades de prevención primaria coñecidas son insuficientes para eliminar o risco de contraer a enfermidade.

A detección leva a cabo principalmente pola proba en sangue do antígeno prostático específico, chamado PSA (acrónimo inglés de prostate-specific antigen) ou por exploración física da glándula prostática (tacto rectal). Os resultados sospeitosos tipicamente dan lugar á posterior extracción dunha mostra tisular da próstata (biopsia), que é examinada en microscopio.

O tratamento pode incluír cirurxía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, ou ben unha combinación de todas. A idade e o estado de saúde xeral do afectado, tanto como o alcance da diseminación, a aparencia dos tecidos examinados ao microscopio e a resposta do cancro ao tratamento inicial, son vitais na determinación do resultado terapéutico. Debido a que o cancro de próstata é unha enfermidade que afecta preferentemente a homes maiores, moitos deles morrerán por outras causas antes de que o cancro poida propagarse ou causar síntomas.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

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