Abade

Para outras páxinas con títulos homónimos véxase: Abade (homónimos).
Insignias abaciais para brasón de armas dun abade

Un abade[1] (do arameo abba 'pai', a través do grego abbás e o latín abbăte)[2] é o superior dunha comunidade de monxes. Na Igrexa ortodoxa recibe o nome de hegúmenos ou arquimandrita. En galego a superiora dunha comunidade de freiras denomínase abadesa (do latín tardío abbătissa)[2].

O título ten a súa orixe nos mosteiros de Siria, axiña esparexidos no Oriente Medio e Europa. Ao primeiro era un título de respecto dado a todos os monxes, pero axiña quedou restrinxido ao superior. O título de abade é de uso xeral nas ordes monásticas occidentais, aínda que en ordes como os dominicanos, carmelitas, cartuxos e agostiños recibían o nome de Praepositus, Provost e Prior, e entre os franciscanos Custos.

En Exipto o abade non tiña definida a súa xurisdición; ás veces rexía unha comunidade, outras varias. A partir da Regra de San Bieito o abade só ten a xurisdición sobre unha soa comunidade. Isto cambiou coa creación da Orde cluniacense, cando se recoñeceu a existencia dun abade supremo que exerce xurisdición sobre todas as casas dunha orde.

Notas

  1. ↑ Tamén recibe ese nome o sacerdote titular dunha parroquia, fonte: Dicionario da Real Academia Galega
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Meixide Figueiras, Cándido (coord.) (2016). Dicionario de Secundaria e Bacharelato Cumio da lingua galega. Vigo: Edicións do Cumio. ISBN 978-84-8289-519-2. 

Véxase tamén

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