Crom Cruach

Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí CarachtarCrom Cruach
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Dia na nGael réamhChríostaí ba ea Crom Cruach (Sean-Ghaeilge Crom Crúaich). De réir scríbhneoirí Críostaí, ceansaíodh é le híobairt dhaonna agus chuir Naomh Pádraig deireadh lena adhradh.[1][2]

N. Pádraig agus Crom Cruach. Léaráid le L.D.Symington.

Glaoitear chomh maith é Crom Cróich, Cenn Cruach/Cróich agus Cenncroithi. Tá gaol idir é agus pearsa mhiotasach níos deireanaí, Crom Dubh. Is é Domhnach Chroim Dhuibh ainm na féile ina onóir.[3]

Tá tagairt ann i ndán an dinnseanchais den 12ú haois gur ceansaíodh é mar chúiteamh ar bainne agus grán, rud a chuireann le fios gur dhia na torthúlachta ab ea Crom. De réir roinnt, ag smaoineamh ar a íomhá óir timpeallaithe ag dhá fhíor chloiche nó chré-umha déag, gur léir seo agus gur dhia na gréine ab ea é, timpeallaithe ag comharthaí an Stoidiaca.[3]

Sanasaíocht

Mar aidiacht sa tSean-Gaeilge, bhí brí "fuilteach" le crúach.[4]

Tagairtí liteartha

De réir dán sa dinnseanchas sa Leabhar Laighneach den 12ú haois, sheas Crom Cruach's íomhá cultas Chroim Cruaiche ar Magh Slécht, Contae an Chabháin, fíor óir timpeallaithe ag dhá fhíor chloiche déag Magh Slécht. Ceansaíodh é le híobairt chéadlinbh mar chúiteamh ar bainne agus grán. Deirtear gur dia seargtha é Crom Cruach, cumhdaithe le ceo,[5] adhartha ó ré Éireamhóin. Instear gur éag Tigernmas, luath-Ard-Rí na hÉireann i dteannta le trí cheathrún dá arm, i mbun Crom a adhradh ar Oíche Samhna.

D'adhrtaí é go dtí gur scrios Naomh Pádraig an íomhá le hord.[6][7][8] Insítear an tarlú seo go suntasach i seanscéalta na meánaoise faoi Naomh Pádraig, cé nach bhfeictear é ina scríbhneoireacht féin, ná fiú sa dá bheathaisnéis den 7ú hais le Muirchu agus Tírechán.[9] Sa scéal den 9ú haois, Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii (Beatha Trípháirteach Naoimh Phádraig), Cenn Cruach is ainm don dia, agus san íomhá cultas tá fíor lárnach óir airgid, timpeallaithe ag dhá fíor cré-umha déag. Nuair a bhuaileann Pádraig an íomhá lena bhachall, titeann an fhíor leathanach chun talaimh le lorg an bhealaigh san aghaidh aige, agus téann na fíoracha éinne i dtalamh. Tagann diabhail na híomhá ar an bhfód, ach cuireann Pádraig mallacht air agus caitheann go hifreann é.[10]

Faightear an scéal beagnach mar an gcéanna i Life and Acts of St. Patrick den 12ú haois le Jocelyn of Furness. Sa saothar úd, Cenncroithi is ainm don dia, a mheastar le brí "ceann na ndéithe uile". Nuair a thiteann an íomhá, déantar deannach den ór agus airgead á chlúdach, agus lorg an bhachaill fágtha ar an gcloch lom.[11]

Sa scéal Sean-Ghaeilge ón Leabhar Leasa Mhóir, darb ainm Forbhais Droma Dámhgháire[12], is ionann Crom agus Moloch.

Seandálaíocht

De réir roinnt daoine, tá cloch cóirithe ann darb ainm Gallán Choillidh Chlogáin a bhfuil i ndáiríre íomhá cultas de Chrom Cruach. D'aimsíodh é ag Coillidh Chlogáin, Contae an Chabháin, leathchumhdaithe agus briste i roinnt píosaí, gar do liagchiorcal de chuid na Cré-umhaoise, inar sheas sé tráth, is amhlaidh.

Sa Leabhar Mhic Shamhradháin den 14ú haois, scríofa i Magh Slécht, tá dán ann a insítear go raibh Crom ina chónaí ar taobh na sráide ag Cill na bhFeart, agus go mbíodh na mná áitiúla ag crith le heagla ag gabháil thart. Tá nós áitiúil fós ann gurb í cloch Chroim é le fírinne an Gallán Choillidh Chlogáin.

Tá gallán eile ann[13] a shamhlaítear le Crom Cruach in Drumcoo, Contae Fhear Manach. Tá ann fear ag siúl, ag cur i láthair nó Naoimh Phádraig nó draoi, ag brath ar am a ghreanta. Tá sráid ar na gaobhair ainmnithe as, Crom Crúaich Way.

Féach freisin

Tagairtí

  1. ↑ http://www.templeport.ie/magh-slecht-dara-fort/plain-of-blood.pdf
  2. ↑ https://www.academia.edu/13644175/St._Patrick_vs._Cenn_Cruaich_in_the_Patrician_Lives_Elements_of_Narrative
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Celtic Gods, Crom Cruaich". Magic of Mythology. Cartlannaíodh an bunleathanach ar 4 Iúil 2010.
  4. ↑ 2 crúach
  5. ↑ Dinnseanchas via archive.org
  6. ↑ E. Gwynn (eag. & aistr.), The Metrical Dindshenchas, iml. 4, dán 7
  7. ↑ féach freisin Annála na gCeithre Máistrí, M3656
  8. ↑ Seathrún Céitinn, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn 2.25
  9. ↑ Ludwig Bieler (eag. & aistr.), The Patrician Texts in the Book of Armagh, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath, 1979
  10. ↑ James O'Leary (eag. & aistr.), "Tripartite Life" Cuid II, The Most Ancient Lives of St. Patrick, 1880
  11. ↑ James O'Leary (eag. & aistr.), "The Life and Acts of St. Patrick by Jocelin" Caibidil 56, The Most Ancient Lives of St. Patrick, 1880
  12. ↑ léigear
  13. ↑ Killinagh Church and Crom Cruaich le Oliver Davies agus D. Lowry-Corry, in Ulster Journal of Archaeology, Tríú Sraith, Iml. 2 (1939), ll. 98-104

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