Écriture hiératique

Hiératique
Image illustrative de l’article Écriture hiératique
Planche 55 du papyrus Ebers.
Caractéristiques
Type Abjad, avec des éléments logographiques
Langue(s) Égyptien ancien
Historique
Époque Période prédynastique égyptienne au IIIe siècle
Système(s) parent(s) Hiéroglyphique

 Hiératique

Système(s) dérivé(s) Démotique
Codage
ISO 15924 Egyh

Dans l'Égypte antique, l'écriture hiératique permettait aux scribes d'écrire rapidement en simplifiant les hiéroglyphes et était utilisée dans l'administration. Le mot hiératique vient du grec γράμματα ἱερατικά (grammata hieratika ; littéralement « écriture sacerdotale »), et fut utilisé la première fois par Clément d'Alexandrie au IIe siècle[1].

L'écriture hiératique est le deuxième niveau de simplification des hiéroglyphes. Le premier étant les hiéroglyphes linéaires, qui sont des versions simplifiées des hiéroglyphes, mais qui gardent leur valeur représentative. Les caractères hiératiques, eux, ne représentent plus des objets, mais uniquement des signes immotivés à la manière des lettres d'un alphabet.

Exemples de passage de hiéroglyphes aux caractères hiératiques (par Champollion).

Les paléographes classent l'écriture hiératique comme une tachygraphie, utilisée dans l'administration (correspondances, remboursements de dettes, notes de blanchisserie, bordereaux de livraison) mais aussi dans le domaine culturel (textes littéraires ou scientifiques).

Cette écriture simplifiée a été utilisée tout au long de la civilisation égyptienne, depuis l'époque prédynastique (au moins 3 000 ans avant notre ère), jusqu'au IIIe siècle après celle-ci, soit pendant presque trente-cinq siècles. Son importance se restreint avec le développement de l'écriture démotique.

Nouvelle simplification de l'écriture hiératique, le démotique devient historiquement discernable vers le milieu du VIIe siècle avant notre ère[2]. Il remplace pour une bonne part l'usage du hiératique, sans totalement le faire disparaître.

Notes et références

  1. Goedicke 1988:vii; Wente 2001:206. La référence se trouve dans les Stromates 5:4.
  2. Chadefaud 1993:40.

Bibliographie

Read other articles:

سعدي يوسف معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1934   البصرة  الوفاة 13 يونيو 2021 (86–87 سنة)[1]  لندن  مواطنة المملكة العراقية (1934–1958) الجمهورية العراقية (1958–1968) الجمهورية العراقية (1968–2003) العراق (2003–2021) المملكة المتحدة (2005–2021)[2]  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم كلية الت...

 

Canadian microbiologist This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biographical article is written like a résumé. Please help improve it by revising it to be neutral and encyclopedic. (April 2023) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or ...

 

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています(詳細)。 数字の大字(だいじ)は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字(小字)の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券(「壱」が大字) 弐千円日本銀行券(「弐」が大字) 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

Сельское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Новотитаровское сельское поселение Флаг[d] Герб 45°14′09″ с. ш. 38°58′16″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Краснодарский край Район Динской Включает 4 населённых пункта Адм. центр Новотитаровская Глава сельского пос�...

 

Village in Blagoevgrad Province, BulgariaZheleznitsaVillageCountry BulgariaProvinceBlagoevgrad ProvinceMunicipalitySimitli MunicipalityTime zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST) Zheleznitsa is a village in Simitli Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, in southwestern Bulgaria.[1] The Zheleznitsa Tunnel on the Struma motorway, Bulgaria's longest road tunnel, bypasses the village. References ^ Guide Bulgaria, Accessed May 5, 2010 vte Simitli MunicipalityCapital: S...

 

Olympic athletics event Men's 200 metresat the Games of the XXI OlympiadDon Quarrie (1972)VenueOlympic StadiumDate25 July 1976 (heats, quarterfinals)26 July 1976 (semifinals, finals)Competitors45 from 33 nationsWinning time20.23Medalists Don Quarrie Jamaica Millard Hampton United States Dwayne Evans United States← 19721980 → Athletics at the1976 Summer OlympicsTrack events100 mmenwomen200 mmenwomen400 mmenwomen800 mmenwomen1500 mmenwomen5000 mmen...

Discontinued range of gaming laptops produced by Lenovo This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: IdeaPad Y series – news · newspapers · books · scholar...

 

Spain at the Games of the XXXII Olympiad in Tokyo Sporting event delegationSpain at the2020 Summer OlympicsIOC codeESPNOCSpanish Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.coe.es (in Spanish)in Tokyo, JapanJuly 23, 2021 (2021-07-23) – August 8, 2021 (2021-08-08)Competitors321 in 32 sportsFlag bearers (opening)Mireia BelmonteSaúl Craviotto[3]Flag bearer (closing)Sandra Sánchez[1][2]MedalsRanked 22nd Gold 3 Silver 8 Bronze 6 Total 1...

 

خريطة البحرين المنامة، عاصمة البحرين هذه هي قائمة من المدن والبلدات في البحرين: المدن المشهورة بالبحرين المنامة: عاصمة البحرين وأكبر مدنها.[1] المحرق: تقع شرق مدينة المنامة في شمال البحرين،[2] وبها مطار البحرين الدولي.[3] سترة: تقع مدينة سترة في محافظة العاصمة.[�...

Pulau Semut BesarNegaraIndonesiaGugus kepulauanKepulauan SeribuProvinsiDKI JakartaKabupatenKepulauan SeribuLuas- km²Populasi- Pulau Semut Besar adalah sebuah pulau yang terletak di Kepulauan Seribu di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Indonesia. Lihat pula Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu Kepulauan Seribu Pranala luar Situs resmi Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu Diarsipkan 2017-02-22 di Wayback Machine. lbsPulau di Kepulauan Seribu Pulau Air Besar Pulau Air Kecil Pulau Ayer...

 

Administrative position within the United Nations Deputy Secretary-General of the United NationsEmblem of the United NationsIncumbentAmina J. Mohammedsince 1 January 2017United NationsUnited Nations SecretariatStyleHer ExcellencyReports toThe Secretary-GeneralSeatUN HeadquartersNew York City (international territory)AppointerThe Secretary-GeneralThe Secretary-General appoints the Deputy Secretary-General following consultations with Member States and in accordance with Article 101 of the...

 

War in south India from 1780 to 1784 Second Anglo-Mysore WarPart of the Anglo-Mysore Wars and the Fourth Anglo-Dutch WarDepiction of action in the 1783 Siege of Cuddalore.Date1780–1784LocationSouth IndiaResult Status quo ante bellum Treaty of MangaloreBelligerents  Mysore Arakkal Kingdom Nawab of Savanur Nawab of Banganapalle  France Dutch Republic  Great Britain  Electorate of Hanover  East India Company  TravancoreCommanders and leaders Hyder Ali Tipu Su...

This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Maria Haukaas Mittet – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Maria Haukaas MittetBa...

 

Turkish dish of poached eggs Çılbır with duck-fat sautéed ramps Çılbır is a Turkish dish of poached eggs with yogurt (often with garlic mixed in).[1] There are records of çılbır being eaten by Ottoman sultans as far back as the 15th century.[2] It is now common to serve the dish topped with melted butter infused with Aleppo pepper,[3] for which paprika can be substituted. In several Balkan countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, the T...

 

Naval battle between Pisa and Genoa; decisive Genoan victory Battle of Meloria redirects here. For the earlier battle fought at this location, see Battle of Meloria (1241). Battle of MeloriaPart of Genoese-Pisan WarsLithograph of the battle of Meloria by ArmaninoDateAugust 6, 1284[1]LocationIslet of Meloria, Ligurian Sea[2]Result Genoese victory[3]Belligerents Republic of Genoa Republic of PisaCommanders and leaders Oberto DoriaBenedetto ZaccariaCorrado Spinola[3&#...

Morocco Tennis Tour - Tanger 2008Sport Tennis Data10 marzo - 16 marzo CampioniSingolare Marcel Granollers Doppio Marc López / Gabriel Trujillo 2009 Il Morocco Tennis Tour - Tanger 2008 è stato un torneo di tennis facente parte della categoria ATP Challenger Series nell'ambito dell'ATP Challenger Series 2008. Il torneo si è giocato a Tangeri in Marocco dal 10 al 16 marzo 2008 su campi in terra rossa e aveva un montepremi di €30 000+H. Indice 1 Vincitori 1.1 Singolare 1.2 Doppio 2 Collegam...

 

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) مسجد ا...

 

1649 beheading of Charles I of England Contemporary German print of the execution of Charles I outside the Banqueting House. Based on the earliest European depiction of the execution.[a][1] Charles I, the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland, was executed on Tuesday, 30 January 1649[b] outside the Banqueting House on Whitehall, London. The execution was the culmination of political and military conflicts between the royalists and the parliamentarians in England durin...

Star fort in Hakodate, Japan You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (January 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Japanese article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-transl...

 

MénervalcomuneMénerval – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Normandia Dipartimento Senna Marittima ArrondissementDieppe CantoneGournay-en-Bray TerritorioCoordinate49°34′N 1°40′E49°34′N, 1°40′E (Ménerval) Altitudine107 e 191 m s.l.m. Superficie12,23 km² Abitanti194[1] (2009) Densità15,86 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale76220 Fuso orarioUTC+1 Codice INSEE76423 CartografiaMénerval Sito istituzionaleModifica dati su Wikidata...