Le néodyme est un élément chimique, de symbole Nd et de numéro atomique 60. C'est un métal gris argent du groupe des terres rares. Il fait partie de la famille des lanthanides. À température ambiante, il est ductile, malléable et s'oxyde rapidement à l'air.
Son nom vient des mots grecs νεός / neós, « nouveau », et δίδυμος / dídumos, « double, jumeau »[5],[6],[7]. En effet, les chimistes ont longtemps cru que le mélange d'oxyde de praséodyme-néodyme était un corps simple jusqu'à ce que Carl Auer von Welsbach les séparât en 1886[8].
Yttrium
Terbium (1843)
Erbium
Thulium (1879)
Holmium
Dysprosium (1886)
Ytterbium
Lutécium (1907)
Scandium (1879)
Cérium
Lanthane
Néodyme (1885)
Praséodyme (1885)
Samarium
Europium (1901)
Gadolinium (1880)
Prométhium (1947)
Le néodyme a été découvert à Vienne par Carl Auer von Welsbach, un chimiste autrichien en 1885[10],[11]. Il a séparé le néodyme, en même temps que le praséodyme, du didyme par cristallisation fractionnée du nitrate d'ammonium et de didyme puis analyses spectroscopiques. Il n'a cependant pas été isolé sous forme relativement pure avant 1925.
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