Lac Abashiri

Lac Abashiri
網走湖
Image illustrative de l’article Lac Abashiri
Vue du lac Abashiri
Administration
Pays Drapeau du Japon Japon
Municipalité
Préfecture 		Abashiri et Ōzora
Hokkaidō
Géographie
Coordonnées 43° 06′ N, 144° 01′ E
Superficie 33 km2
Altitude 0,4 m
Profondeur
 · Maximale
 · Moyenne
16,1 m
7,1 m
Volume 232 700 m3
Hydrographie
Alimentation Abashiri-gawaVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Émissaire(s) Abashiri-gawaVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Durée de rétention 0,43 annéeVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Divers
Commentaire Lac gelé de décembre en avril
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Hokkaidō
(Voir situation sur carte : Hokkaidō)
Lac Abashiri 網走湖
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Japon
(Voir situation sur carte : Japon)
Lac Abashiri 網走湖
modifier 

Le lac Abashiri (網走湖, Abashiri-ko?) est un lac situé à Abashiri et Ōzora, sur l'île de Hokkaidō au Japon. Il fait partie du parc quasi national d'Abashiri. Les rivières Abashiri et Memanbetsu alimentent le lac que l'eau quitte par la rivière Abashiri et coule sur une distance de 7 km jusqu'à la mer d'Okhotsk.

Histoire et formation

Carte
Carte interactive du lac

Des carottes prélevées dans le lit du lac indiquent que celui-ci s'est formé il y a quelque 20 000 ans pendant la dernière période de glaciation. Durant les 6 000 dernières années, la rivière Abashiri a creusé le lit du lac. Des artefacts de la période Jomon ont été trouvés dans la zone autour de la rivière Memanbetsu. À l'époque moderne, le cours de la rivière Abashiri a été aligné pour les besoins de l'irrigation causant un grave problème de siltation (colmatage) au lac Abashiri[1].

Gel et salinité

Le lac gelé (févriver 2004).

Le lac gèle du mois de décembre au mois d'avril avec une épaisseur de glace pouvant atteindre 1 mètre. L'apport réduit d'eau durant la période hivernale amène l'eau salée à remonter le courant depuis la mer d'Okhotsk jusque dans le lac. Cet apport d'eau salée a créé une couche d'eau contenant 10 000 ppm de chlore à 10 m sous la surface du lac[1].

Faune

Hypomesus transpacificus, Oncorhynchus keta (espèce de saumon) et Oncorhynchus masou sont les plus importants poissons de pêche sportive. En 1980, approximativement 650 tonnes de poissons ont été pêchées. Le Leucopsarion petersi (en) peut également se trouver dans le eaux du lac[1].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ a b et c (en) World Lake Database, « Abashiri-ko (lake Abashiri) » [« Le lac Abashiri »], sur Internet Archive, (version du sur Internet Archive).

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Liens externes

v · m
> 100 km2
Vue du lac Towada.
> 50 km2
> 10 km2
> 4 km2
< 4 km2

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